从零构建springboot项目一： Hello world

创建项目

通过 SpringInitializr 创建

访问 SpringInitializr 进入创建项目界面：如下图

【题外话】

SpringBoot提供了很多插件，如：spring-boot-starter-jdbc，spring-boot-starter-web，spring-boot-starter-security ....

SpringBootStarter理解可以认为starter是一种服务(和JS的插件类似)——使得使用某个功能的开发者不需要关注各种依赖库的处理,不需要具体的配置信息,由SpringBoot自动通过classpath路径下的类发现需要的Bean,并织入beanstarter开始首先创建一个maven项目项目命名方式为[name]-spring-boot-starter(官方命名方式spring-boot-starter-[name])在pom.xml中添加starter所需要

通过开发工具创建

本教程是基于【spring tool suite 开发的】

【idea】

貌似idea 对spring boot 的支持挺好，但是收费我们公司不给用

【eclipse】

需要安装spring boot插件。安装方法

【spring tool suite】

• 说明

The Spring Tool Suite is an Eclipse-based development environment that is customized for developing Spring applications. It provides a ready-to-use environment to implement, debug, run, and deploy your Spring applications, including integrations for Pivotal tc Server, Pivotal Cloud Foundry, Git, Maven, AspectJ, and comes on top of the latest Eclipse releases.

• 下载地址

http://spring.io/tools/sts/all/

• 创建项目

FILE --> NEW --> Spring Starter Project 进入下图 ：

• 项目结构

项目创建好了之后，项目会自动生成项目结构。

1、pom.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

	<groupId>com.johnny</groupId>
	<artifactId>laonongmin</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<packaging>jar</packaging>

	<name>laonongmin</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>

	<properties>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
		<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>
</project>

2、pom.xml 解读

	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>

【spring-boot-starter-parent】

The spring-boot-starter-parent dependency is the parent POM providing dependency and plugin management for Spring Boot-based applications. It contains the default versions of Java to use, the default versions of dependencies that Spring Boot uses, and the default configuration of the Maven plugins.

  	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

【Spring Boot Maven Plugin】

Spring Boot Maven Plugin

The Spring Boot Maven Plugin provides Spring Boot support in Maven, allowing you to package executable jar or war archives and run an application “in-place”.

Goals Overview

The Spring Boot Plugin has the following goals.

• spring-boot:run runs your Spring Boot application.

• spring-boot:repackage repackages your jar/war to be executable.

• spring-boot:start and spring-boot:stop to manage the lifecycle of your Spring Boot application (i.e. for integration tests).

• spring-boot:build-info generates build information that can be used by the Actuator.

参考资料

程序入口

项目生成好之后，在 com.johnny.laonongmin 有一个类：LaonongminApplication

package com.johnny.laonongmin;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class LaonongminApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(LaonongminApplication.class, args);
	}
}

@SpringBootApplication 解读

Indicates a configuration class that declares one or more @Bean methods and also triggers auto-configuration and component scanning. This is a convenience annotation that is equivalent to declaring @Configuration, @EnableAutoConfiguration and @ComponentScan.

API

源码如下：

/**
 * Indicates a {@link Configuration configuration} class that declares one or more
 * {@link Bean @Bean} methods and also triggers {@link EnableAutoConfiguration
 * auto-configuration} and {@link ComponentScan component scanning}. This is a convenience
 * annotation that is equivalent to declaring {@code @Configuration},
 * {@code @EnableAutoConfiguration} and {@code @ComponentScan}.
 *
 * @author Phillip Webb
 * @author Stephane Nicoll
 * @since 1.2.0
 */
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = {
		@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
		@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })

@EnableAutoConfiguration

spring文档说明：

 Enable auto-configuration of the spring Application Context, attempting to guess and configure beans that you are likely to need. Auto-configuration classes are usually applied based on your classpath and what beans you have defined. 

启用 Spring 应用程序上下文的自动配置，试图猜测和配置您可能需要的bean。自动配置类通常采用基于你的 classpath 和已经定义的 beans 对象进行应用。

 The package of the class that is annotated with @EnableAutoConfiguration has specific significance and is often used as a ‘default’. For example, it will be used when scanning for@Entity classes. It is generally recommended that you place@EnableAutoConfiguration in a root package so that all sub-packages and classes can be searched. 

使用@EnableAutoConfiguration注释的类的包具有特定的意义，通常用作“默认”。 例如，在扫描@ Entity类时将使用它。 通常建议您将@EnableAutoConfiguration放在根包中，以便可以搜索所有子包和类。

 Auto-configuration classes are regular Spring Configuration beans. They are located using the SpringFactoriesLoader mechanism (keyed against this class).Generally auto-configuration beans are @Conditional beans (most often using @ConditionalOnClass and @ConditionalOnMissingBean annotations). 

Auto-configuration类是常规的Spring配置bean。 它们使用SpringFactoriesLoader机制（针对此类键入）定位。一般 auto-configuration bean是@Conditional bean（最常使用@ConditionalOnClass和@ConditionalOnMissingBean注释）。

SpringFactoriesLoader 机制：

SpringFactoriesLoader会查询包含 META-INF/spring.factories 文件的JAR。 当找到spring.factories文件后，SpringFactoriesLoader将查询配置文件命名的属性。EnableAutoConfiguration的 key 值为org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration。根据此 key 对应的值进行 spring 配置。在 spring-boot-autoconfigure.jar文件中，包含一个 spring.factories 文件

官方文档： https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/1.5.5.BUILD-SNAPSHOT/reference/htmlsingle/#using-boot-auto-configuration

hello world

1、创建controller

package com.johnny.laonongmin.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class MainController {

	@GetMapping("/hello")
	public String hello() {
		return "hello world";
	}
}

2、修改配置文件

项目创建好了之后，会在resources目录下面有个 application.properties

我的项目里使用 yml文件，application.yml。因为yml文件具有层次的特点，所以我选用yml文件格式。

server:
  port: 8888

将访问端口设置为8888，浏览器里访问 http://localhost:8888/hello ，浏览器里面就会出现 hello world

@RestController

This is known as a stereotype annotation. It provides hints for people reading the code, and for Spring, that the class plays a specific role. In this case, our class is a web @Controller so Spring will consider it when handling incoming web requests. 

@GetMapping

该注解也是一个组合注解。等价于 @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)