ORA-01506: missing or illegal database name

ORA-01506: missing or illegal database name，Oracle 启动实例所需最小化参数

引用

SQL> select * from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NUMBER INSTANCE_NAME HOST_NAME VERSION     STARTUP_T STATUS     PAR    THREAD# ARCHIVE LOG_SWITCH_WAIT SHU DATABASE_STATUS  INSTANCE_ROLE ACTIVE_ST BLO
--------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- ------------ --- ---------- ----
1               orcl            web04   11.2.0.1.0  23-AUG-16 STARTED     NO         0 STOPPED  ALLOWED          NO  ACTIVE           UNKNOWN       NORMAL    NO

我们知道Oracle启动实例寻找参数文件的顺序为spfile.ora,spfile.ora,init.ora。那么Oracle启动一个实例最小化参数是什么呢？以下就是实验过程。

创建任意名字实例
引用
$ export ORACLE_SID=WuYong

启动实例需要参数文件initWuYong.ora

引用
$ sqlplus “/as sysdba”
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on Sat Jan 9 13:55:35 2010

Copyright (c) 1982, 2006, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved. 

Connected to an idle instance. 

SQL> startup 
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters 
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/ora10g/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initWuYong.ora' 
SQL> exit 
Disconnected

创建参数文件initWuYong.ora

引用
$ touch /ora10g/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initWuYong.ora

再次尝试启动，提示需要参数db_name

引用
SQL> startup nomount
ORA-01506: missing or illegal database name

添加db_name至参数文件

引用
$ echo “db_name=WuYong”>initWuYong.ora

再次尝试启动zhoul实例，启动成功

引用
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 117440512 bytes
Fixed Size 1260384 bytes
Variable Size 58721440 bytes
Database Buffers 50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers 7127040 bytes

查看数据字典v$parameter,发现启动该实例的只有db_name是非默认，也就是说只要只要设置参数db_name，即可启动数据库实例，其他参数均可采用初始值。

引用
SQL> select name from v$parameter where isdefault=’FALSE’;
NAME
——————————————————————————–
db_name

观察alert_WuYong.log，可以看到Oracle在启动实例WuYong中调成了部分初始值。注意到undo retention自动调整被关闭。

引用
SQL> show parameter background_core_dump
NAME TYPE VALUE
———————————— ———– ——————————
background_core_dump string partial

$ cat  alert_WuYong.log 
Sat Jan  9 13:58:08 2010 
Adjusting the default value of parameter parallel_max_servers 
from 40 to 25 due to the value of parameter processes (40) 
Sat Jan  9 13:58:08 2010 
Starting ORACLE instance (normal) 
LICENSE_MAX_SESSION = 0 
LICENSE_SESSIONS_WARNING = 0 
Sat Jan  9 13:58:19 2010 
Adjusting the default value of parameter parallel_max_servers 
from 40 to 25 due to the value of parameter processes (40) 
Sat Jan  9 13:58:19 2010 
Starting ORACLE instance (normal) 
LICENSE_MAX_SESSION = 0 
LICENSE_SESSIONS_WARNING = 0 
Sat Jan  9 13:59:52 2010 
Adjusting the default value of parameter parallel_max_servers 
from 40 to 25 due to the value of parameter processes (40) 
Sat Jan  9 13:59:52 2010 
Starting ORACLE instance (normal) 
LICENSE_MAX_SESSION = 0 
LICENSE_SESSIONS_WARNING = 0 
Sat Jan  9 14:01:25 2010 
Adjusting the default value of parameter parallel_max_servers 
from 40 to 25 due to the value of parameter processes (40) 
Sat Jan  9 14:01:25 2010 
Starting ORACLE instance (normal) 
LICENSE_MAX_SESSION = 0 
LICENSE_SESSIONS_WARNING = 0 
Shared memory segment for instance monitoring created 
Picked latch-free SCN scheme 2 
Using LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 parameter default value as /ora10g/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch 
Autotune of undo retention is turned off. 
LICENSE_MAX_USERS = 0 
SYS auditing is disabled 
ksdpec: called for event 13740 prior to event group initialization 
Starting up ORACLE RDBMS Version: 10.2.0.3.0. 
System parameters with non-default values: 
  db_name                  = zhoul 
PMON started with pid=2, OS id=32133 
PSP0 started with pid=3, OS id=32135 
MMAN started with pid=4, OS id=32137 
DBW0 started with pid=5, OS id=32139 
LGWR started with pid=6, OS id=32141 
CKPT started with pid=7, OS id=32143 
SMON started with pid=8, OS id=32145 
RECO started with pid=9, OS id=32147 
MMON started with pid=10, OS id=32149 
MMNL started with pid=11, OS id=32151