初识flex布局
一、 flex的基本理解
任何一个容器都可以指定flex布局,使用flex布局后,那么容器下的子元素的float、clear、vertical-algin属性就会失效。Flex布局容器下的子元素称为flex项目。
容器默认存在两根轴:水平的主轴(main axis)和垂直的交叉轴(cross axis)。主轴的开始位置(与边框的交叉点)叫做main start,结束位置叫做main end;交叉轴的开始位置叫做cross start,结束位置叫做cross end。
项目默认沿主轴排列。单个项目占据的主轴空间叫做main size,占据的交叉轴空间叫做cross size。
二、 容器的属性
1. flex-direction(flex-direction属性决定主轴的方向,也就是子元素的排列方向)
flex-direction属性可取四个值:
1. row(默认值):主轴为水平方向,起点在左端。就是从左往右排列。
2.row-reverse:主轴为水平方向,起点在右端。就是从右往左排列。
3.column:主轴为垂直方向,起点在上沿。就是从上往下排列。
4.column-reverse:主轴为垂直方向,起点在下沿。就是从下往上排列。
.flex-container-row{
display: -webkit-flex; /* Safari */
display: flex;
flex-direction:row;/**row-reverse,column,column-reverse**/
height: 300px;
background: blue;
}
.flex-item{
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
margin: 5px;
background: pink;
}
<div class="flex-container-row">
<div class="flex-item">1</div>
<div class="flex-item">2</div>
<div class="flex-item">3</div>
<div class="flex-item">4</div>
<div class="flex-item">5</div>
</div>
2. flex-wrap(容器下项目是否换行属性)
flex-wrap属性可取3个值
1.nowrap(默认):不换行。如果超出容器长度项目则会进行压缩
2.wrap:换行,第一行在上方。
3.wrap-reverse:换行,第一行在下方。
.flex-container-row-nowrap{
margin: 20px auto;
width: 1000px;
display: -webkit-flex; /* Safari */
display: flex;
flex-wrap:nowrap;/*wrap,wrap-reverse*/
height: 300px;
background: blue;
}
.flex-item{
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
margin: 5px;
background: pink;
}
<div class="flex-container-row-nowrap">
<div class="flex-item">1</div>
<div class="flex-item">2</div>
<div class="flex-item">3</div>
<div class="flex-item">4</div>
<div class="flex-item">5</div>
<div class="flex-item">6</div>
<div class="flex-item">7</div>
<div class="flex-item">8</div>
<div class="flex-item">9</div>
<div class="flex-item">10</div>
<div class="flex-item">11</div>
<div class="flex-item">12</div>
<div class="flex-item">13</div>
<div class="flex-item">14</div>
<div class="flex-item">15</div>
<div class="flex-item">16</div>
<div class="flex-item">17</div>
<div class="flex-item">18</div>
<div class="flex-item">19</div>
<div class="flex-item">20</div>
<div class="flex-item">21</div>
<div class="flex-item">22</div>
<div class="flex-item">23</div>
<div class="flex-item">24</div>
<div class="flex-item">25</div>
<div class="flex-item">26</div>
<div class="flex-item">27</div>
<div class="flex-item">28</div>
<div class="flex-item">29</div>
<div class="flex-item">30</div>
<div class="flex-item">31</div>
</div>
3.flex-flow(flex-direction属性和flex-wrap属性的简写形式,默认值为row nowrap)
.flex-container-justify-content{
margin: 20px auto;
width: 1000px;
display: -webkit-flex; /* Safari */
display: flex;
flex-flow:row nowrap;
}
.flex-item{
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
margin: 5px;
background: pink;
}
由于html代码类似,所以这里不再重复写!!!!!!
所以说flex-flow:row nowarp;和flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowarp;效果是一样的
4. justify-content(定义了项目在主轴上的对齐方式。)
justify-content可取5个值
1.flex-start(默认值):左对齐
2.flex-end:右对齐
3.center: 居中
4.space-between:两端对齐,项目之间的间隔都相等。
5.space-around:每个项目两侧的间隔相等。所以,项目之间的间隔比项目与边框的间隔大一倍。也就是项目两边的间隔一样大
.flex-container-flex-flow-flex-start{
margin: 20px auto;
width: 1000px;
height: 300px;
display: -webkit-flex; /* Safari */
display: flex;
justify-content:flex-start; /**flex-end,center,space-between,space-around**/
background: blue;
}
.flex-item{
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
margin: 5px;
background: pink;
}
5.align-items(定义项目在交叉轴上如何对齐)
align-items可取5个值
1.stretch(默认值):如果项目未设置高度或设为auto,将占满整个容器的高度。
2.flex-start:交叉轴的起点对齐。
3.flex-end:交叉轴的终点对齐。
4.center:交叉轴的中点对齐。
5.baseline: 项目的第一行文字的基线对齐。
.flex-container-flex-flow-stretch{
margin: 20px auto;
width: 1000px;
height: 300px;
display: -webkit-flex; /* Safari */
display: flex;
align-items:stretch;/**flex-start,flex-end,center,baseline**/
background: blue;
}
.flex-item1{
width: 50px;
height: 70px;
margin: 5px;
background: pink;
}
.flex-item2{
width: 50px;
height: 80px;
margin: 5px;
background: pink;
}
.flex-item3{
width: 50px;
height: 30px;
margin: 5px;
background: pink;
}
.flex-item4{
width: 50px;
height: 20px;
margin: 5px;
background: pink;
}
.flex-item{
width: 50px;
height: auto;
background: pink;
}
6.align-content(align-content属性定义了多根轴线的对齐方式。如果项目只有一根轴线,该属性不起作用)
align-content属性可取6个值
1.flex-start:与交叉轴的起点对齐。
2.flex-end:与交叉轴的终点对齐。
3.center:与交叉轴的中点对齐。
4.space-between:与交叉轴两端对齐,轴线之间的间隔平均分布。
5.space-between:与交叉轴两端对齐,轴线之间的间隔平均分布。
6.stretch(默认值):轴线占满整个交叉轴。
.flex-container-flex-flow-flex-start{
margin: 20px auto;
width: 1000px;
height: 300px;
display: -webkit-flex; /* Safari */
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;/**项目换行**/
align-content:flex-start;/**flex-end,flex-end,space-between,space-around,stretch**/
background: blue;
}
.flex-item{
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
margin: 5px;
background: pink;
}
三、项目的属性
1.order(order属性定义项目的排列顺序。数值越小,排列越靠前,默认为0。)
.flex-container-row-nowrap{
margin: 20px auto;
width: 1000px;
display: -webkit-flex; /* Safari */
display: flex;
height: 400px;
background: red;
}
<div class="flex-container-row-nowrap">
<div class="flex-item" style="order: 4;">1</div>
<div class="flex-item" style="order: 3;">2</div>
<div class="flex-item" style="order: 2;">3</div>
<div class="flex-item" style="order: 1;">4</div>
<div class="flex-item" style="order: 0;">5</div>
</div>
2.flex-grow(flex-grow属性定义项目的放大比例,默认为0。也就是说如果项目没有占满空间,则会按照比例放大)
.flex-container-row-nowrap{
margin: 20px auto;
width: 1000px;
display: -webkit-flex; /* Safari */
display: flex;
height: 300px;
background: blue;
flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.flex-item{
width: 250px;
height: 50px;
margin: 5px;
background: pink;
}
<div class="flex-container-row-nowrap">
<div class="flex-item" style="flex-grow: 3;">1</div>
<div class="flex-item" style="flex-grow: 2;">2</div>
<div class="flex-item" style="flex-grow: 1;">3</div>
<div class="flex-item" style="flex-grow: 3;">1</div>
<div class="flex-item" style="flex-grow: 2;">2</div>
<div class="flex-item" style="flex-grow: 1;">3</div>
<div class="flex-item" style="flex-grow: 3;">1</div>
<div class="flex-item" style="flex-grow: 2;">2</div>
</div>
3.flex-shrink(定义了项目的缩小比例,默认为1,即如果空间不足,该项目将缩小,设为0则不进行缩小)
.flex-container-row-nowrap{
margin: 20px auto;
width: 1000px;
display: -webkit-flex; /* Safari */
display: flex;
height: 300px;
background: blue;
flex-wrap: nowrap;
}
.flex-item{
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
margin: 5px;
background: pink;
}
<div class="flex-container-row-nowrap">
<div class="flex-item" style="flex-shrink: 0;">1</div>
<div class="flex-item" style="flex-shrink: 0;">2</div>
<div class="flex-item" style="flex-shrink: 0;">3</div>
<div class="flex-item" style="flex-shrink: 0;">1</div>
<div class="flex-item" style="flex-shrink: 0;">2</div>
<div class="flex-item" style="flex-shrink: 0;">3</div>
<div class="flex-item" style="flex-shrink: 0;">1</div>
<div class="flex-item" style="flex-shrink: 0;">2</div>
<div class="flex-item" style="flex-shrink: 0;">3</div>
<div class="flex-item" style="flex-shrink: 0;">1</div>
<div class="flex-item" style="flex-shrink: 0;">2</div>
<div class="flex-item" style="flex-shrink: 0;">3</div>
<div class="flex-item" style="flex-shrink: 1;">1</div>
<div class="flex-item" style="flex-shrink: 2;">2</div>
<div class="flex-item" style="flex-shrink: 3;">3</div>
<div class="flex-item" style="flex-shrink: 1;">1</div>
<div class="flex-item" style="flex-shrink: 2;">2</div>
<div class="flex-item" style="flex-shrink: 1;">3</div>
<div class="flex-item" style="flex-shrink: 3;">1</div>
<div class="flex-item" style="flex-shrink: 2;">2</div>
<div class="flex-item" style="flex-shrink: 1;">3</div>
<div class="flex-item" style="flex-shrink: 3;">1</div>
<div class="flex-item" style="flex-shrink: 2;">2</div>
<div class="flex-item" style="flex-shrink: 1;">3</div>
</div>
4. flex-basis(flex-basis属性定义了在分配多余空间之前,项目占据的主轴空间(main size)。浏览器根据这个属性,计算主轴是否有多余空间。它的默认值为auto,即项目的本来大小。)
flex-basis属性定义了在分配多余空间之前,项目占据的主轴空间(main size)。浏览器根据这个属性,计算主轴是否有多余空间。它的默认值为auto,即项目的本来大小。
5.flex(flex-grow, flex-shrink 和 flex-basis的简写,默认值为0 1 auto。后两个属性可选)
6.align-self(允许单个项目有与其他项目不一样的对齐方式,可覆盖align-items属性,允许单个项目有与其他项目不一样的对齐方式,可覆盖align-items属性)
align-self取值同align-items一致
.flex-container-row-nowrap{
margin: 20px auto;
width: 1000px;
display: -webkit-flex; /* Safari */
display: flex;
height: 300px;
background: blue;
flex-wrap: nowrap;
}
.flex-item{
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
margin: 5px;
background: pink;
}
<div class="flex-container-row-nowrap">
<div class="flex-item" style="align-self:center;">1</div>
<div class="flex-item" style="align-self:flex-end;">2</div>
<div class="flex-item" style="align-self:baseline;">3</div>
</div>