3.6 引用类型

#include <iostream.h>

int main(void)
{
	double dval = 1024;
	const int &ri = dval;
	cout << "dval=" << dval << endl;
	cout << "ri=" << ri << endl;
	
	double dval2 = 3.14159;
	// ri = dval2;
/**
 ** Error 337: "3.6ref.c", line 11 # The left side of '=' must be a modifiable lvalue.
 **             ri = dval2;
 **             ^^         
 **/
	cout << "dval2=" << dval2 << endl;
	
	
/**
 ** 用一个const 对象的地址来初始化一个引用
 **/
	cout << "\n用一个const 对象的地址来初始化一个引用: " << endl;
	// const int ival = 1024;
	
	// 错误: 要求一个const 引用
	// int *&pi_ref = &ival;
/**
 ** Error 440: "3.6ref.c", line 27 # Cannot initialize 'int *&' with 'const int *'.
 **             int *&pi_ref = &ival;
 **                            ^^^^^ 
 **/
 	
 	// 仍然错误
 	// const int *&pi_ref = &ival;
/**
 ** Error (future) 438: "3.6ref.c", line 35 # The initializer for a non-constant reference must be an lvalue. Try
 ** changing 'const int *&' to 'const int *const &' at ["3.6ref.c", line 35].
 **             const int *&pi_ref = &ival;
 **                                  ^^^^^ 
 ** error C2440: “初始化”: 无法从“const int *”转换为“const int *&”	// VS2010
 **/
	
	// ok: 这是可以被编译器接受的
	// const int *const &pi_ref = &ival;	//ival的值和其地址都是常量
	// cout << "ival=" << ival << ", *pi_ref=" << *pi_ref << endl;
	
/**
 ** const int ival = 1024;/int ival = 1024;
 ** => &ival 是 const int *类型的一个rvalue, 
 ** => 只能邦定到一个和它的类型相匹配的const引用上
 **/
	typedef const int* T;
	const int ival = 1024;
	// T& pi_ref = &ival;	// error: rvalue不能邦定到非const引用上
	const T& pi_ref = &ival;	// ok: 保存&ival的临时变量, 邦定到const引用上
	cout << "ival=" << ival << ", *pi_ref=" << *pi_ref << endl;	
	
	return 0;
}