C#Attributes

定义

An attribute is a piece of additional declarative information that is specified for a declaration。

认识，使用attributes

using System;

public class Program

{
    [Obsolete("Don't use Old method, use New method", true)]

    static void Old( ) { }

    static void New( ) { }

    public static void Main( ) 
    {
        Old( );
    }
}

编译上面的上面的程序，我们会得到如下错误：

AnyClass.Old()' is obsolete: 'Don't use Old method,  use New method'

 

创建2个自定义attributes

 

public class IsTestedAttribute : Attribute
{
    public override string ToString()
    {
        return "Is Tested";
    }
}

 

[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class | AttributeTargets.Struct)]
public class AuthorAttribute : Attribute
{
    public AuthorAttribute(string name)
    {
        this.name = name;
        this.version = 0;
    }

    public string Name
    {
        get
        {
            return name;
        }
    }

 

    public int Version
    {
        get
        {
            return version;
        }
        set
        {
            version = value;
        }
    }

    public override string ToString()
    {
        string value = "Author : " + Name;
        if (version != 0)
        {
            value += " Version : " + Version.ToString();
        }
        return value;
    }

    private string name;
    private int version;
}

 

创建自定义类，并使用Attributes

 

[Author("Joe Programmer")]
class Account
{
    [IsTested]
    public void AddOrder(Order orderToAdd)
    {
        orders.Add(orderToAdd);
    }

    private ArrayList orders = new ArrayList();
}

 

[Author("Jane Programmer", Version = 2), IsTested()]
class Order
{
    // add stuff here ...
}

 

最后，在运行时查询Attributes

 

class MainClass
{
   private static bool IsMemberTested(MemberInfo member)
   {
        foreach (object attribute in member.GetCustomAttributes(true))
        {
            if (attribute is IsTestedAttribute)
            {
               return true;
            }
        }
      return false;
   }

 

    private static void DumpAttributes(MemberInfo member)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Attributes for : " + member.Name);
        foreach (object attribute in member.GetCustomAttributes(true))
        {
            Console.WriteLine(attribute);
        }
    }

    public static void Main()
    {
        DumpAttributes(typeof(Account));

      

        foreach (MethodInfo method in (typeof(Account)).GetMethods())
        {
            if (IsMemberTested(method))
            {
               Console.WriteLine("Member {0} is tested!", method.Name);
            }
            else
            {
               Console.WriteLine("Member {0} is NOT tested!", method.Name);
            }
        }
        Console.WriteLine();

        DumpAttributes(typeof(Order));

        

        foreach (MethodInfo method in (typeof(Order)).GetMethods())
        {
           if (IsMemberTested(method))
           {
               Console.WriteLine("Member {0} is tested!", method.Name);
           }
           else
           {
               Console.WriteLine("Member {0} is NOT tested!", method.Name);
           }
        }
        Console.WriteLine();
    }

 

运行结果

 

Attributes for : Account
Author : Joe Programmer
Member AddOrder is tested!
Member ToString is NOT tested!
Member Equals is NOT tested!
Member GetHashCode is NOT tested!
Member GetType is NOT tested!

Attributes for : Order
Author : Jane Programmer Version : 2
Is Tested
Member ToString is NOT tested!
Member Equals is NOT tested!
Member GetHashCode is NOT tested!
Member GetType is NOT tested!