linux 初学者之进程控制

1. 操作系统最核心的概念就是进程

2.进程是一个动态的实体，是程序的一次执行过程。进程是操作系统资源分配的基本单位。

3.线程在进程内部，她是比进程更小的能独立运行的基本单位，线程基本上不拥有系统资源，它与同属于一个进程的其他线程共享进程的全部资源。进程在执行过程中拥有独立的内存单元。其他内部的线程共享这些内存。一个线程可以创建和撤销另一个线程，同一个进程中的多个线程可以进行并行执行

4.每一个进程都有一个唯一的进程ID标识

5.linux进程由3部分组成，代码段，数据段，堆栈段

6.linux下C程序的生成分为4个阶段：预编译，编译，汇编，链接。编译器gcc经过预编译编译，汇编3个步骤将源程序文件转化为目标文件。如果程序有多个目标文件火灾个程序使用楼库函数，编译器还要将所有的目标文件或者所需要的库连接起来，最后生成可执行程序。当程序执行的时候，操作系统将可执行程序复制到内存中。

7.进程的内存映像是指内核在内存中如何存放可执行程序文件。在将程序转化为进程的过程中，操作系统将可执行程序有硬盘复制到内存中。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main(void)
{
  pid_t pid;

  printf("process creation study\n");
  pid = fork();
  switch(pid){
    case 0:
        printf("child process is running,CurPid is %d,Parent is %d\n",pid,getppid());
        break;
    case -1:
        printf("process creation failed\n");
        break;
    default:
        printf("parent process is running,Childpid is %d,Parentpid is %d\n",pid,getpid());
        break;
  }
  // exit(-1);
 return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main(void)
{
  pid_t pid;
  char * msg;
  int k;

  printf("process creation study\n");
  pid = fork();
  switch(pid){
    case 0:
        msg = "Child process is runing ";
        k = 3;
        break;
    case -1: 
        perror("process creation failed\n");
        break;
    default:
        msg = "parent process is runing";
        k = 5;
        break;
  }
  while(k > 0)
  {
      puts(msg);
      sleep(1);
      k--;
  }   
  // exit(-1);
 return 0;
}
~            

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
    pid_t pid;

    pid = fork();
    switch(pid){
        case 0:
            while(1){
                 printf("a background process ,pid:%d,parentid:%d\n",getpid(),getppid());
                 sleep(3);
            }
        case -1: 
            perror("process creation failed\n");
            exit(-1);
        default:
            printf("I am parent process,my pid is %d\n",getpid());
            exit(0);
    }   

    return 0;
}
~                                                                                                                                                                                
~   

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int globVar = 5;

int main(void){
   pid_t pid;
   int i;
   int var = 1 ; 
   printf("fork is diffrent with vfork \n");

   //pid = fork();
   pid = vfork();
   switch(pid){
       case 0:
           i = 3;
           while(i-- > 0)
           {
               printf("Child process is running\n");
               globVar++;
               var++;
               sleep(1);
           }
           printf("child's globVar = %d,var = %d\n",globVar,var);
           break;
      case -1: 
           perror("process creation failed\n");
           break; 
      default:
           i=5;
           while(i-- > 0)
           {
               printf("parent process is running\n");
               globVar++;
               var++;
               sleep(1);
           }
           printf("parent's globVar is %d,var = %d\n",globVar,var);
           exit(0);
   }   

    return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <syslog.h>

int init_daemon(void)
{
    int pid;
    int i;

    signal(SIGTTOU,SIG_IGN);
    signal(SIGTTIN,SIG_IGN);
    signal(SIGTSTP,SIG_IGN);
    signal(SIGHUP,SIG_IGN);

    pid = fork();
    if(pid > 0){
        exit(0);
    }
    else if(pid<0){
        return -1;
    }
    setsid();
    
    pid = fork();
    if(pid > 0){
        exit(0);
    }
    else if(pid<0){
         return -1;
    }
    
    for(i=0;i< NOFILE;close(i++));
   
    chdir("/");

    umask(0);
    
    signal (SIGCHLD,SIG_IGN);
    
    return 0;
-- 插入 --                                                                                                                                                     1,19         顶端

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <malloc.h>

extern char **environ;

int main(int argc,char *argv[]){
    int i;

    printf("Argument:\n");
    for(i=0;i<argc;i++){
        printf("argv[%d] is %s\n",i,argv[i]);
    }   

    printf("Enviroment:\n");

    for(i = 0;environ[i]!=NULL;i++)
        printf("%s\n",environ[i]);

    return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main(int argc,char * argv[],char **environ){
    int i;
    
    printf("I am a process image!\n");
    printf("My pid = %d, parentpid = %d\n",getpid(),getppid());
    printf("uid = %d,gid = %d\n",getuid(),getgid());
   
     for(i=0;i<argc;i++)
         printf("argv[%d]:%s\n",i,argv[i]);

    return 0;

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

int main(int argc,char *argv[],char **environ)
{
    pid_t  pid;
    int stat_val;
    printf("Exec example@\n");
    pid = fork();
    switch(pid){
        case -1: 
            perror("process creation failed\n");
            exit(1);
        case 0:
            printf("child process is running\n");
            printf("My pid =%d,parentpid = %d\n",getpid(),getppid());
            printf("uid = %d,gid = %d\n",getuid(),getgid());
            execve("processimage",argv,environ);
            printf("process never go to here\n");
            exit(0);
       default:
            printf("parent process is running \n");
            break;

           }
    wait(&stat_val);
    exit(0);
}