一,Galera(集群)
集群分类:(面试题)
高可用
负载均衡
HPC 高性能计算
分布式集群
分布式文件系统(分布式存储)
mysql官方集群:mysql-cluster
5台机器
manager节点
sql节点 sql节点 接受客户端请求
data节点 data节点 存储数据
mysql的第三方集群:galera
Galera Replication
http://galeracluster.com/downloads/
准备环境:
主机解析:
[root@admin ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.245.133 galera1
192.168.245.136 galera2
192.168.245.10 galera3
192.168.245.135 galera4
关闭防火墙和selinux:
setenforce 0 && systemctl stop firewalld
时间同步:
修改时区:
# ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
准备时间服务器:
#vim /etc/ntp.conf
server 127.127.1.0 # local clock
fudge 127.127.1.0 stratum 10
#systemctl restart ntpd
客户端同步时间:
[root@galera2 ~]# ntpdate galera1
下载和安装Galera(每台都需要安装)
注意:Galera有独立的补丁包,也有在mysql基础上打好补丁的完整包
我们要下载带wsrep扩展补丁的版本,比如:
MySQL 5.7.20 extended with wsrep patch version 25.13
所以:删除原版本mysql:
[root@wing yum.repos.d]# yum erase `rpm -qa | grep mysql` -y
根据官方下载提示找到下载路径,发现下载路径下是已经做好yum源的路径,所以可以直接修改yum配置文件使用yum安装
配置yum源:
[root@wing yum.repos.d]# cat galera.repo
[galera]
name=galera
baseurl=http://releases.galeracluster.com/mysql-wsrep-5.7/centos/7/x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[root@wing yum.repos.d]# yum list | grep 'galera'
galera.x86_64 25.3.12-2.el7 epel
mysql-wsrep-5.7.x86_64 5.7.20-25.13.el7 galera
mysql-wsrep-client-5.7.x86_64 5.7.20-25.13.el7 galera
mysql-wsrep-common-5.7.x86_64 5.7.20-25.13.el7 galera
mysql-wsrep-devel-5.7.x86_64 5.7.20-25.13.el7 galera
mysql-wsrep-libs-5.7.x86_64 5.7.20-25.13.el7 galera
mysql-wsrep-libs-compat-5.7.x86_64 5.7.20-25.13.el7 galera
mysql-wsrep-server-5.7.x86_64 5.7.20-25.13.el7 galera
mysql-wsrep-test-5.7.x86_64 5.7.20-25.13.el7 galera
注意:需要epel源提供galera包
安装:
[root@wing yum.repos.d]# yum install mysql-wsrep-5.7.x86_64 galera rsync -y
特别注意:
1.timezone,ceph和rsync
2./var/lib/mysql下3个文件:grastate.dat gvwstate.dat galera.cache 如果出了错,把他们统统干掉
3.如果一起添到集群中不行就一个节点一个节点的添加
启动数据库(所有机器):
# systemctl start mysqld
修改密码:
#mysqladmin -u root -p'2rttwxb?3_oP' password 'Qianfeng123!'
#mysql -u root -p'Qianfeng123!'
每台机器创建用于数据同步的用户:
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'syncuser'@'%' identified by '123';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'syncuser'@'%' identified by 'Qianfeng123!@';
mysql> flush privileges;
配置Galera Replication:
注意:所有服务需要按顺序重启
galera1配置:主配置文件my.cnf中[mysqld]标签内追加如下内容,黑体部分是和其他节点不同的地方
server-id=1
binlog_format=row
innodb_file_per_table=1
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
wsrep_on=ON
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/galera/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_cluster_name='galera'
wsrep_cluster_address='gcomm://'
wsrep_node_name='galera1'
wsrep_node_address='192.168.245.133'
wsrep_sst_auth=syncuser:'Qianfeng123!@'
wsrep_sst_method=rsync
重启服务:
[root@galera1 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
galera2配置:主配置文件my.cnf追加如下内容
server-id=2
binlog_format=row
innodb_file_per_table=1
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
wsrep_on=ON
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/galera/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_cluster_name='galera'
wsrep_cluster_address='gcomm://galera1'
wsrep_node_name='galera2'
wsrep_node_address='192.168.245.136'
wsrep_sst_auth=syncuser:'Qianfeng123!@'
wsrep_sst_method=rsync
重启服务:
[root@galera2 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
galera3配置:主配置文件my.cnf追加如下内容
server-id=3
binlog_format=row
innodb_file_per_table=1
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
wsrep_on=ON
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/galera/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_cluster_name='galera'
wsrep_cluster_address='gcomm://galera1,galera2'
wsrep_node_name='galera3'
wsrep_node_address='192.168.245.10'
wsrep_sst_auth=syncuser:'Qianfeng123!@'
wsrep_sst_method=rsync
重启服务:
[root@galera3 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
galera4配置:主配置文件my.cnf追加如下内容
server-id=4
binlog_format=row
innodb_file_per_table=1
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
wsrep_on=ON
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/galera/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_cluster_name='galera'
wsrep_cluster_address='gcomm://galera1,galera2,galera3'
wsrep_node_name='galera4'
wsrep_node_address='192.168.245.135'
wsrep_sst_auth=syncuser:'Qianfeng123!@'
wsrep_sst_method=rsync
重启服务:
[root@galera1 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
查看端口:galera端口4567 mysql端口3306
[root@galera1 ~]# ss -auntpl | grep -E '3306|4567'
tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:4567 *:* users:(("mysqld",pid=11068,fd=12))
tcp LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::* users:(("mysqld",pid=11068,fd=39))
测试:
mysql> show status like 'wsrep%';
wsrep_incoming_addresses | 192.168.245.136:3306,192.168.245.135:3306,192.168.245.10:3306 |
| wsrep_cluster_size | 3 //表示一共有3个节点,我少配置了一个
阶段测试:
在任何一台机器上写数据,在其他机器上全部会同步
二,给galera添加mycat代理
Mycat
添加数据库和账户:
mysql> create database shop;
mysql> create database bbs;
mysql> create database blog;
mysql> grant all on shop.* to shop@'%' identified by 'Qianfeng123!';
mysql> grant all on shop.* to bbs@'%' identified by 'Qianfeng123!';
mysql> grant all on shop.* to blog@'%' identified by 'Qianfeng123!';
mysql> flush privileges;
设置3个账户和3个schema:
[root@master conf]# cat server.xml
<user name="shop">
<property name="password">123456</property>
<property name="schemas">shop</property>
</user>
<user name="bbs">
<property name="password">123456</property>
<property name="schemas">bbs</property>
</user>
<user name="blog">
<property name="password">123456</property>
<property name="schemas">blog</property>
</user>
[root@master conf]# cat schemal.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="shop" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn1"> </schema>
<schema name="bbs" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn2"> </schema>
<schema name="blog" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn3"> </schema>
<dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1" database="shop" />
<dataNode name="dn2" dataHost="localhost2" database="bbs" />
<dataNode name="dn3" dataHost="localhost3" database="blog" />
<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"
writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100">
<heartbeat>show status like 'wsrep%'</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="galera2" url="galera2:3306" user="shop" password="Qianfeng123!"> </writeHost>
<writeHost host="galera3" url="galera3:3306" user="shop" password="Qianfeng123!"> </writeHost>
<writeHost host="galera4" url="galera4:3306" user="shop" password="Qianfeng123!"> </writeHost>
</dataHost>
<dataHost name="localhost2" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"
writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100">
<heartbeat>show status like 'wsrep%'</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="galera2" url="galera2:3306" user="bbs" password="Qianfeng123!"> </writeHost>
<writeHost host="galera3" url="galera3:3306" user="bbs" password="Qianfeng123!"> </writeHost>
<writeHost host="galera4" url="galera4:3306" user="bbs" password="Qianfeng123!"> </writeHost>
</dataHost>
<dataHost name="localhost3" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"
writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100">
<heartbeat>show status like 'wsrep%'</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="galera2" url="galera2:3306" user="blog" password="Qianfeng123!"> </writeHost>
<writeHost host="galera3" url="galera3:3306" user="blog" password="Qianfeng123!"> </writeHost>
<writeHost host="galera4" url="galera4:3306" user="blog" password="Qianfeng123!"> </writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
balance=1 开启读写分离机制,所有读操作都发送到当前备用的 writeHost 上。
wirteType=0 所有写操作发送到第一个writeHost,第一个挂了切换到第二个
switchType=3 基于MySQL Galera cluster的切换机制,心跳语句为show status like 'wsrep%'
随便找台机器做客户端:
[root@galera1 ~]# mysql -u shop -p'123456' -h 192.168.245.3 -P8066
结论:
1. 所有节点都正常writeHost负责写操作,备writeHost负责读操作
2. 当第一个writeHost失效时,其中一个备的writeHost负责写操作,其他备的writeHost负责读操作
3. 当只有一个writeHost时,同时负担读写