过程式、面向对象式和泛型编程
- 过程式(procedural):数据和处理数据的操作(函数)分开声明,语言本身并不支持数据和操作之间的关联性
- 过程式语言由一组分布在函数中的算法所驱动,这些函数以功能为导向,这些算法则处理共同的外部数据
typedef struct point3d
{
double x, y, z;
} Point3d;
void print_point3d(const Point3d* ptr) {
printf("(%g, %g, %g)", ptr->x, ptr->y, ptr->z);
}
- 面向对象式(object-oriented):抽象数据类型(属性 + 方法)、数据封装、类层次结构
class Point
{
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Point& point)
{
os << "(" << point._x << ")"; return os; }
public:
Point() : _x(0) {
}
Point(double x) : _x(x) {
}
Point(const Point& rhs) : _x(rhs._x) {
}
double x() const {
return _x; }
void x(double val) {
_x = val; }
protected:
double _x;
};
class Point2d : public Point
{
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Point2d& point2d) {
os << "(" << point2d.x() << ", " << point2d._y << ")";
return os;
}
public:
Point2d() : Point(), _y(0) {
}
Point2d(double x, double y) : Point(x), _y(y) {
}
Point2d(const Point2d& rhs) : Point(rhs), _y(rhs._y) {
}
double y() const {
return _y; }
void y(double val) {
_y = val; }
protected:
double _y