IOS开发之手势——UIGestureRecognizer 共存

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最新推荐文章于 2017-11-14 21:48:31 发布

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文章标签： ios action uiview velocity filter function

IOS开发之手势——UIGestureRecognizer 共存

在 iPhone 或 iPad 的开发中，除了用 touchesBegan / touchesMoved / touchesEnded 这组方法来控制使用者的手指触控外，也可以用 UIGestureRecognizer 的衍生类別来进行判断。用 UIGestureRecognizer 的好处在于有现成的手势，开发者不用自己计算手指移动轨迹。UIGestureRecognizer的衍生类別有以下几种：

UITapGestureRecognizer
UIPinchGestureRecognizer
UIRotationGestureRecognizer
UISwipeGestureRecognizer
UIPanGestureRecognizer
UILongPressGestureRecognizer

从命名上不难了解這些类別所对应代表的手势，分別是 Tap（点一下）、Pinch（二指往內或往外拨动）、Rotation（旋转）、Swipe（滑动，快速移动）、Pan （拖移，慢速移动）以及 LongPress（长按）。這些手势別在使用上也很简单，只要在使用前定义并添加到对应的视图上即可。

// 定义一个 recognizer, 并加到需要偵測该手势的 UIView 元件上
- (void)viewDidLoad {
    UISwipeGestureRecognizer* recognizer;
    // handleSwipeFrom 是偵測到手势，所要呼叫的方法
    recognizer = [[UISwipeGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:selfaction:@selector(handleSwipeFrom)];
    // 不同的 Recognizer 有不同的实体变数
    // 例如 SwipeGesture 可以指定方向
    // 而 TapGesture 則可以指定次數
    recognizer.direction = UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionUp
    [self.view addGestureRecognizer:recognizer];
    [recognizer release];
 }
 
 - (void)handleSwipeFrom:(UISwipeGestureRecognizer*)recognizer {
    // 触发手勢事件后，在这里作些事情
 
    // 底下是刪除手势的方法
    [self.view removeGestureRecognizer:recognizer];
 }

问题來了。有些手势其实是互相关联的，例如 Tap 与 LongPress、Swipe与 Pan，或是 Tap 一次与Tap 兩次。当一個 UIView 同时添加兩个相关联的手势时，到底我这一下手指头按的要算是 Tap 还是 LongPress？如果照預设作法来看，只要「先滿足条件」的就会跳出并呼叫对应方法，举例来说，如果同时注册了 Pan 和 Swipe，只要手指头一移动就会触发 Pan 然后跳出，因而永远都不會发生 Swipe；单点与双点的情形也是一样，永远都只会触发单点，不會有双点。

那么这个问题有解吗？答案是肯定的，UIGestureRecognizer 有个方法叫做requireGestureRecognizerToFail，他可以指定某一个 recognizer，即便自己已经滿足條件了，也不會立刻触发，会等到该指定的 recognizer 确定失败之后才触发。以同时支持单点与双点的手势为例，代码如下：

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    // 单击的 Recognizer
    UITapGestureRecognizer* singleRecognizer;
    singleRecognizer = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:selfaction:@selector(handleSingleTapFrom)];
    singleTapRecognizer.numberOfTapsRequired = 1; // 单击
    [self.view addGestureRecognizer:singleRecognizer];
    
    // 双击的 Recognizer
    UITapGestureRecognizer* double;
    doubleRecognizer = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:selfaction:@selector(handleDoubleTapFrom)];
    doubleTapRecognizer.numberOfTapsRequired = 2; // 双击
    [self.view addGestureRecognizer:doubleRecognizer];
    
    // 关键在这一行，如果双击确定偵測失败才會触发单击
    [singleRecognizer requireGestureRecognizerToFail:doubleRecognizer];
    [singleRecognizer release];
    [doubleRecognizer release];
}

用UIGestureRecognizer侦测使用者输入操作

在3.2以前,我们要拿到UITouch跟使用者互动,大部分都是透过UIResponder的四种methods

- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
- (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
- (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
- (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event

有些人会把UITouch重新wrap丢到自己的queue里面去处理，不然就是直接在这几个function里直接判断。其实都不会差太多。简单的说，就是麻烦

3.2以后，透过UIGestureRecognizer及其它继承它的UIxxxGestureRecognizer，侦测使用者输入就变的简单许多。

UILongPressGestureRecognizer
UIPanGestureRecognizer
UIPinchGestureRecognizer
UIRotationGestureRecognizer
UISwipeGestureRecognizer
UITapGestureRecognizer

照名字看大概就知道这是做什么用的，所以就不解释了，直接看用法：

以UIPanGestureRecognizer为例，这是处理使用者用一只手指(或多只)在屏幕上滑来滑去的动作。要侦测这个动作，只要加下面这段code进viewDidLoad或任何你需要的地方

UIPanGestureRecognizer *panRecognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(handlePanFrom:)];
[self.view addGestureRecognizer:panRecognizer];
panRecognizer.maximumNumberOfTouches = 1;
panRecognizer.delegate = self;
[panRecognizer release];

第一个很简单，就是确定要给这个recognizer handle的event，就会去call这个class底下的handlePanFrom: 然后把recognizer加进UIView(addGestureRecognizer)。因为同时间我只想知道一只手指的动作，所以我用 maximumNumberOfTouches=1来限制。

当然，你可以改变maximumNumberOfTouches跟minimumNumberOfTouches的值来当成filter，接着把 delegate设定成自己(记得header要加上UIGestureRecognizerDelegate)。

不过这样还没有结束，我们要补上这个delegate method

- (BOOL)gestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer shouldReceiveTouch:(UITouch *)touch {

里面可以先filter event,决定要不要丢给一开始assign给panRecognizer的selector function，
譬如我只想要看某个subview的事件

- (BOOL)gestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer shouldReceiveTouch:(UITouch *)touch{
    UIView *aview = [self.view viewWithTag:1000];
    if (touch.view != aview) {
      return NO; // 不理這個event
    }
    return YES;
}

接下来就是

- (void)handlePanFrom:(UIPanGestureRecognizer *)recognizer {
         //拿到手指目前的位置
         CGPoint location = [recognizer locationInView:self.view];
         UIView *aview = [self.view viewWithTag:1000];

         // 如果UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded的話...你是拿不到location的
         // 不判斷的話,底下改frame會讓這個subview消失,因為origin的x和y就不見了!!!
         if(recognizer.state != UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded)
         {
                 aview.frame = CGRectMake(location.x, location.y, aview.frame.size.width, aview.frame.size.height);
         }
}

不同的UIGestureRecognizer subclass都会有不同特点。譬如说Pinch的scale、velocity和Swipe的direction，直接简化了处理UITouch的步骤。大家只要知道这些特点，处理使用者输入就会得心应手了。遇到问题记得先看看有没有判断UIGestureRecognizer的state。

UITapGestureRecognizer与UIPanGestureRecognizer应用：

一：UITapGestureRecognizer应用:

- （void）singleOne:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)sender { }//将相应事件发生时的动作写入函数
- （void）singleTwo:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)sender { }
- （void）doubleOne:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)sender { }
- （void）doubleTwo:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)sender { }

UITapGestureRecognizer *singleOne = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(singleOne:)];  
singleOne.numberOfTouchesRequired = 1;    //触摸点个数，另作：[singleOne setNumberOfTouchesRequired:1];
singleOne.numberOfTapsRequired = 1;    //点击次数，另作：[singleOne setNumberOfTapsRequired:1];

UITapGestureRecognizer *singleTwo = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(singleTwo:)];  
singleTwo.numberOfTouchesRequired = 2; 
singleTwo.numberOfTapsRequired = 1; 

UITapGestureRecognizer *doubleOne = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(doubleOne:)];  
doubleOne.numberOfTouchesRequired = 1; 
doubleOne.numberOfTapsRequired = 2; 

UITapGestureRecognizer *doubleTwo = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(doubleTwo:)];  
doubleTwo.numberOfTouchesRequired = 2; 
doubleTwo.numberOfTapsRequired = 2; 

[singleOne requireGestureRecognizerToFail:doubleOne]; //防止：双击被单击拦截[singleTwo requireGestureRecognizerToFail:doubleTwo]; //防止：双击被单击拦截

[self.view addGestureRecognizer:singleOne];  
[self.view addGestureRecognizer:singleTwo]; 
[self.view addGestureRecognizer:doubleOne]; 
[self.view addGestureRecognizer:doubleTwo]; 
[singleOne release];
[singleTwo release];
[doubleOne release];
[doubleTwo release];

uiimageview 点击事件 UITapGestureRecognizer

2012-05-22 14:22

1.绑定点击事件

[BTBooksetUserInteractionEnabled:YES];

UITapGestureRecognizer *singleTap3 = [[UITapGestureRecognizeralloc] initWithTarget:selfaction:@selector(GoThisPic:)];

[BTBookaddGestureRecognizer:singleTap3];

[singleTap3 release];

2,获得事件源

-(void)GoThisPic:(UIGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer

{

UIImageView *view = [gestureRecognizer view];

// [BigScrollsetContentOffset:CGPointMake(1024*view.tag,0) animated:YES ];

}

----------------------------------------------

UIKit中包含了UIGestureRecognizer类，用于检测发生在设备中的手势。UIGestureRecognizer是一个抽象类，定义了所有手势的基本行为，它有下面一些子类用于处理具体的手势：

　　1、拍击UITapGestureRecognizer (任意次数的拍击)
　　2、向里或向外捏UIPinchGestureRecognizer (用于缩放)
　　3、摇动或者拖拽UIPanGestureRecognizer
　　4、擦碰UISwipeGestureRecognizer (以任意方向)
　　5、旋转UIRotationGestureRecognizer (手指朝相反方向移动)
　　6、长按UILongPressGestureRecognizer

对于不同类型的手势识别器，具有不同的配置属性。比如UITapGestureRecognizer，可以配置拍击次数。界面接收到手势之后，可以发送一个消息，用于处理响应手势动作后的任务。当然，不同的手势识别器，发送的消息方法也会有所不同。下面列举几个具体示例代码：

一个手指，拍击两次手势

// 创建一个手势识别器

UITapGestureRecognizer *oneFingerTwoTaps =

  [[[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(oneFingerTwoTaps)] autorelease];

// Set required taps and number of touches

[oneFingerTwoTaps setNumberOfTapsRequired:2];

[oneFingerTwoTaps setNumberOfTouchesRequired:1];

// Add the gesture to the view

[[self view] addGestureRecognizer:oneFingerTwoTaps];

消息方法oneFingerTwoTaps

- (void)oneFingerTwoTaps

{

  NSLog(@"Action: One finger, two taps");

}

两个手指，拍击两次手势

    UITapGestureRecognizer *twoFingersTwoTaps =

      [[[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(twoFingersTwoTaps)] autorelease];

    [twoFingersTwoTaps setNumberOfTapsRequired:2];

    [twoFingersTwoTaps setNumberOfTouchesRequired:2];

    [[self view] addGestureRecognizer:twoFingersTwoTaps];

消息方法twoFingersTwoTaps

    - (void)twoFingersTwoTaps {

      NSLog(@"Action: Two fingers, two taps");

    }

一个手指向上、向下擦碰手势

// 向上擦碰

    UISwipeGestureRecognizer *oneFingerSwipeUp =

      [[[UISwipeGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(oneFingerSwipeUp:)] autorelease];

    [oneFingerSwipeUp setDirection:UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionUp];

    [[self view] addGestureRecognizer:oneFingerSwipeUp];



    - (void)oneFingerSwipeUp:(UISwipeGestureRecognizer *)recognizer

    {

      CGPoint point = [recognizer locationInView:[self view]];

      NSLog(@"Swipe up - start location: %f,%f", point.x, point.y);

    }

    // 向下擦碰

    UISwipeGestureRecognizer *oneFingerSwipeDown =

      [[[UISwipeGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(oneFingerSwipeDown:)] autorelease];

    [oneFingerSwipeDown setDirection:UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionDown];

    [[self view] addGestureRecognizer:oneFingerSwipeDown];



    - (void)oneFingerSwipeDown:(UISwipeGestureRecognizer *)recognizer

    {

      CGPoint point = [recognizer locationInView:[self view]];

      NSLog(@"Swipe down - start location: %f,%f", point.x, point.y);

    }

旋转手势

UIRotationGestureRecognizer *twoFingersRotate =

  [[[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(twoFingersRotate:)] autorelease];

[[self view] addGestureRecognizer:twoFingersRotate];

- (void)twoFingersRotate:(UIRotationGestureRecognizer *)recognizer

{

  // Convert the radian value to show the degree of rotation

  NSLog(@"Rotation in degrees since last change: %f", [recognizer rotation] * (180 / M_PI));

}

向里或向外捏的手势

UIPinchGestureRecognizer *twoFingerPinch =

  [[[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(twoFingerPinch:)] autorelease];

[[self view] addGestureRecognizer:twoFingerPinch];

- (void)twoFingerPinch:(UIPinchGestureRecognizer *)recognizer

{

  NSLog(@"Pinch scale: %f", recognizer.scale);

}

注意注意-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

为什么我设置了UITapGestureRecognizer以后我的UIImageView还是无法响应touch事件？

如题，我的代码如下：
- (void)viewDidLoad {
. . . . . . . .
UITapGestureRecognizer *singleTap = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(handleSingleTap:)];
[singleTap setNumberOfTapsRequired:1];
singleTap.delegate=self;
[startView addGestureRecognizer:singleTap];//startView 是一个UIImageView的实例，已经在Interface Builder中连接过了
[singleTap release];
}

设置ImageView的User Interaction Enabled属性和Multiple Touch属性才能接受到touch事件