IOS开发之手势——UIGestureRecognizer 共存
在 iPhone 或 iPad 的开发中，除了用 touchesBegan / touchesMoved / touchesEnded 这组方法来控制使用者的手指触控外，也可以用 UIGestureRecognizer 的衍生类別来进行判断。用 UIGestureRecognizer 的好处在于有现成的手势，开发者不用自己计算手指移动轨迹。UIGestureRecognizer的衍生类別有以下几种：
- UITapGestureRecognizer
- UIPinchGestureRecognizer
- UIRotationGestureRecognizer
- UISwipeGestureRecognizer
- UIPanGestureRecognizer
- UILongPressGestureRecognizer
从命名上不难了解這些类別所对应代表的手势，分別是 Tap（点一下）、Pinch（二指往內或往外拨动）、Rotation（旋转）、Swipe（滑动，快速移动）、Pan （拖移，慢速移动）以及 LongPress（长按）。這些手势別在使用上也很简单，只要在使用前定义并添加到对应的视图上即可。
// 定义一个 recognizer, 并加到需要偵測该手势的 UIView 元件上
- (void)viewDidLoad {
UISwipeGestureRecognizer* recognizer;
// handleSwipeFrom 是偵測到手势，所要呼叫的方法
recognizer = [[UISwipeGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:selfaction:@selector(handleSwipeFrom)];
// 不同的 Recognizer 有不同的实体变数
// 例如 SwipeGesture 可以指定方向
// 而 TapGesture 則可以指定次數
recognizer.direction = UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionUp
[self.view addGestureRecognizer:recognizer];
[recognizer release];
}
- (void)handleSwipeFrom:(UISwipeGestureRecognizer*)recognizer {
// 触发手勢事件后，在这里作些事情
// 底下是刪除手势的方法
[self.view removeGestureRecognizer:recognizer];
}
问题來了。有些手势其实是互相关联的，例如 Tap 与 LongPress、Swipe与 Pan，或是 Tap 一次与Tap 兩次。当一個 UIView 同时添加兩个相关联的手势时，到底我这一下手指头按的要算是 Tap 还是 LongPress？如果照預设作法来看，只要「先滿足条件」的就会跳出并呼叫对应方法，举例来说，如果同时注册了 Pan 和 Swipe，只要手指头一移动就会触发 Pan 然后跳出，因而永远都不會发生 Swipe；单点与双点的情形也是一样，永远都只会触发单点，不會有双点。
那么这个问题有解吗？答案是肯定的，UIGestureRecognizer 有个方法叫做requireGestureRecognizerToFail，他可以指定某一个 recognizer，即便自己已经滿足條件了，也不會立刻触发，会等到该指定的 recognizer 确定失败之后才触发。以同时支持单点与双点的手势为例，代码如下：
- (void)viewDidLoad {
// 单击的 Recognizer
UITapGestureRecognizer* singleRecognizer;
singleRecognizer = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:selfaction:@selector(handleSingleTapFrom)];
singleTapRecognizer.numberOfTapsRequired = 1; // 单击
[self.view addGestureRecognizer:singleRecognizer];
// 双击的 Recognizer
UITapGestureRecognizer* double;
doubleRecognizer = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:selfaction:@selector(handleDoubleTapFrom)];
doubleTapRecognizer.numberOfTapsRequired = 2; // 双击
[self.view addGestureRecognizer:doubleRecognizer];
// 关键在这一行，如果双击确定偵測失败才會触发单击
[singleRecognizer requireGestureRecognizerToFail:doubleRecognizer];
[singleRecognizer release];
[doubleRecognizer release];
}
用UIGestureRecognizer侦测使用者输入操作
在3.2以前,我们要拿到UITouch跟使用者互动,大部分都是透过UIResponder的四种methods
- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
- (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
- (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
- (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
有些人会把UITouch重新wrap丢到自己的queue里面去处理，不然就是直接在这几个function里直接判断。其实都不会差太多。简单的说，就是麻烦
3.2以后，透过UIGestureRecognizer及其它继承它的UIxxxGestureRecognizer，侦测使用者输入就变的简单许多。
UILongPressGestureRecognizer
UIPanGestureRecognizer
UIPinchGestureRecognizer
UIRotationGestureRecognizer
UISwipeGestureRecognizer
UITapGestureRecognizer
照名字看大概就知道这是做什么用的，所以就不解释了，直接看用法：
以UIPanGestureRecognizer为例，这是处理使用者用一只手指(或多只)在屏幕上滑来滑去的动作。要侦测这个动作，只要加下面这段code进viewDidLoad或任何你需要的地方
UIPanGestureRecognizer *panRecognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(handlePanFrom:)];
[self.view addGestureRecognizer:panRecognizer];
panRecognizer.maximumNumberOfTouches = 1;
panRecognizer.delegate = self;
[panRecognizer release];
第 一个很简单，就是确定要给这个recognizer handle的event，就会去call这个class底下的handlePanFrom: 然后把recognizer加进UIView(addGestureRecognizer)。因为同时间我只想知道一只手指的动作，所以我用 maximumNumberOfTouches=1来限制。
当然，你可以改变maximumNumberOfTouches跟minimumNumberOfTouches的值来当成filter，接着把 delegate设定成自己(记得header要加上UIGestureRecognizerDelegate)。
不过这样还没有结束，我们要补上这个delegate method
- (BOOL)gestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer shouldReceiveTouch:(UITouch *)touch {
里面可以先filter event,决定要不要丢给一开始assign给panRecognizer的selector function，
譬如我只想要看某个subview的事件
- (BOOL)gestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer shouldReceiveTouch:(UITouch *)touch{
UIView *aview = [self.view viewWithTag:1000];
if (touch.view != aview) {
return NO; // 不理這個event
}
return YES;
}
接下来就是
- (void)handlePanFrom:(UIPanGestureRecognizer *)recognizer {
//拿到手指目前的位置
CGPoint location = [recognizer locationInView:self.view];
UIView *aview = [self.view viewWithTag:1000];
// 如果UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded的話...你是拿不到location的
// 不判斷的話,底下改frame會讓這個subview消失,因為origin的x和y就不見了!!!
if(recognizer.state != UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded)
{
aview.frame = CGRectMake(location.x, location.y, aview.frame.size.width, aview.frame.size.height);
}
}
不 同的UIGestureRecognizer subclass都会有不同特点。譬如说Pinch的scale、velocity和Swipe的direction，直接简化了处理UITouch的步 骤。大家只要知道这些特点，处理使用者输入就会得心应手了。遇到问题记得先看看有没有判断UIGestureRecognizer的state。
UITapGestureRecognizer与UIPanGestureRecognizer应用：
一：UITapGestureRecognizer应用:- （void）singleOne:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)sender { }//将相应事件发生时的动作写入函数
- （void）singleTwo:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)sender { }
- （void）doubleOne:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)sender { }
- （void）doubleTwo:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)sender { }
UITapGestureRecognizer *singleOne = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(singleOne:)];
singleOne.numberOfTouchesRequired = 1; //触摸点个数，另作：[singleOne setNumberOfTouchesRequired:1];
singleOne.numberOfTapsRequired = 1; //点击次数，另作：[singleOne setNumberOfTapsRequired:1];
UITapGestureRecognizer *singleTwo = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(singleTwo:)];
singleTwo.numberOfTouchesRequired = 2;
singleTwo.numberOfTapsRequired = 1;
UITapGestureRecognizer *doubleOne = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(doubleOne:)];
doubleOne.numberOfTouchesRequired = 1;
doubleOne.numberOfTapsRequired = 2;
UITapGestureRecognizer *doubleTwo = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(doubleTwo:)];
doubleTwo.numberOfTouchesRequired = 2;
doubleTwo.numberOfTapsRequired = 2;
[singleOne requireGestureRecognizerToFail:doubleOne]; //防止：双击被单击拦截[singleTwo requireGestureRecognizerToFail:doubleTwo]; //防止：双击被单击拦截
[self.view addGestureRecognizer:singleOne];
[self.view addGestureRecognizer:singleTwo];
[self.view addGestureRecognizer:doubleOne];
[self.view addGestureRecognizer:doubleTwo];
[singleOne release];
[singleTwo release];
[doubleOne release];
[doubleTwo release];
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1.绑定点击事件
[BTBooksetUserInteractionEnabled:YES]; UITapGestureRecognizer *singleTap3 = [[UITapGestureRecognizeralloc] initWithTarget:selfaction:@selector(GoThisPic:)]; [BTBookaddGestureRecognizer:singleTap3]; [singleTap3 release];
2,获得事件源
-(void)GoThisPic:(UIGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer { UIImageView *view = [gestureRecognizer view];
// [BigScrollsetContentOffset:CGPointMake(1024*view.tag,0) animated:YES ]; }
----------------------------------------------
UIKit中包含了UIGestureRecognizer类，用于检测发生在设备中的手势。UIGestureRecognizer是一个抽象类，定义了所有手势的基本行为，它有下面一些子类用于处理具体的手势： 1、拍击UITapGestureRecognizer (任意次数的拍击) 注意 注意-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
为什么我设置了UITapGestureRecognizer以后我的UIImageView还是无法响应touch事件？如题，我的代码如下：- (void)viewDidLoad { . . . . . . . . UITapGestureRecognizer *singleTap = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(handleSingleTap:)]; [singleTap setNumberOfTapsRequired:1]; singleTap.delegate=self; [startView addGestureRecognizer:singleTap];//startView 是一个UIImageView的实例，已经在Interface Builder中连接过了 [singleTap release]; } 设置ImageView的User Interaction Enabled属性和Multiple Touch属性才能接受到touch事件 |
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