linux下mysql数据库安装步骤和注意事项

linux mysql安装步骤和注意事项

1、查找以前是否装有mysql
命令：rpm -qa|grep -i mysql
可以看到mysql的两个包：
mysql-4.1.12-3.RHEL4.1
mysqlclient10-3.23.58-4.RHEL4.1
2、删除mysql
删除命令：rpm -e --nodeps 包名
( rpm -ev mysql-4.1.12-3.RHEL4.1 )

安装GCC
yum -y install gcc

yum -y install gcc-c++

yum -y install ncurses-devel perl  

yum -y install openssl  

或者 yum install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses-devel perl  

安装OPenssl

yum -y install openssl  

一、准备：
# wget http://mysql.he.net/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.23.tar.gz
# wget http://www.cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz
# wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/bison-2.5.tar.gz

二 安装 cmake 和 bison
首先可以查看下是否安装了 cmake # rpm -qa |grep cmake 
# cd /usr/local/software
# tar zxvf cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz

# cd cmake-2.8.8
# ./bootstrap
# make && make install

或者yum install cmake

安装bison：
# tar zxvf bison-2.5.tar.gz
# cd bison-2.5
# ./configure
# make && make install

创建mysql用户及用户组：
# groupadd mysql

# useradd -r -g mysql mysql

三、编译安装 MySQL
# tar zxvf mysql-5.5.23.tar.gz
# cd mysql-5.5.23/
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock \
 -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
 -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS:STRING=utf8,gbk \
 -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
 -DWITH_READLINE=1 \
 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
 -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data
 
 
 
 cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock \
 -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
 -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS:STRING=utf8,gbk \
 -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data

 
 
 //查看mysql5.5.21的编译参数，发发现如下错误
[root@localhost mysql]# cmake . -LH
-- MySQL 5.5.21
-- Could NOT find Curses (missing:  CURSES_LIBRARY CURSES_INCLUDE_PATH) 
CMake Error at cmake/readline.cmake:83 (MESSAGE):
  Curses library not found.  Please install appropriate package,

      remove CMakeCache.txt and rerun cmake.On Debian/Ubuntu, package name is libncurses5-dev, on Redhat and derivates it is ncurses-devel.
解决方式      
[root@localhost mysql]# yum install ncurses-devel.x86_64
[root@localhost mysql]#make clean
[root@localhost mysql]#rm -rf CMakeCache.txt
[root@localhost mysql]# cmake . -LH

 
接下来，安装：
# make && make install

# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf

# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

四、配置启动MySQL：

 
# vi /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf

就编辑my.cnf,在[mysqld]下面加上：datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data 

 
2. mysql 初始化安装
 
# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db \
tar
--defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf \
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data \
--user=mysql

/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --user=mysql

3. 将 mysql 加入开机启动
 
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
vi /etc/init.d/mysqld （编辑此文件，查找并修改以下变量内容：）
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig --level 2345 mysqld on
chown mysql:mysql -R /usr/local/mysql/

4. 启动 mysql
 
# service mysqld start
 
如果已经出现，Starting MySQL...[确定]

root@DB-02 ~]# mysql -u root
-bash: mysql: command not found
原因:这是由于系统默认会查找/usr/bin下的命令，如果这个命令不在这个目录下，当然会找不到命令，我们需要做的就是映射一个链接到/usr/bin目录下，相当于建立一个链接文件。
首先得知道mysql命令或mysqladmin命令的完整路径，比如mysql的路径是：/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql，我们则可以这样执行命令：

ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/

设置mysql密码
[root@host local]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 123456

用Navicat for mysql连接数据库测试下连接 如果出现1130错误
错误代码是1130，ERROR 1130: Host xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx is not allowed to connect to this MySQL server

在执行下登陆命令
mysql -u root -p

弹出Enter password:输入您的数据库密码

执行下命令
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '您的数据库密码' WITH GRANT OPTION;

例如：

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'PDKJ2013' WITH GRANT OPTION;

在执行下
flush privileges;
这个命令是刷新一下权限,不用重启