Spring MVC 是一个模型 - 视图 - 控制器(MVC)的Web框架建立在中央前端控制器servlet(DispatcherServlet),它负责发送每个请求到处理程序,使用视图来给后台返回响应结果的概念,用于前后端交互。
官方文档:https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/5.2.0.RELEASE/spring-framework-reference/web.html#spring-web
1、我的第一个HelloSpringMVC网页
1.新建一个maven项目,添加web支持
2.pom.xml导入依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>springmvc01</groupId>
<artifactId>springmvc01</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.2.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false</filtering>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
</project>
3.在web中注册SpringMVC提供的DispatcherServlet
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<!--1.注册DispatcherServlet Spring提供-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--3.关联一个 SpringMVC配置文件-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!--4.服务器启动的时候就启动-->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!--
2.注册servlet的映射
/ 匹配所有请求 不包括.jsp
/* 匹配所有的请求,包括.jsp
-->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
4.编写SpringMVC的配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!--固定配置-->
<!--1.扫描包配置让下面的所有类被spring识别 控制层 和前端交互的 controller-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.yang.controller"/>
<!--2.注解驱动开驱动-->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!--3.在web开发中,我们一般存在静态资源,css,js,img.. 我们不希望处理它-->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!--视图解析器 默认id:internalResourceViewResolver,这里不要改,因为以后会调用到-->
<bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<!--前缀-->
<property name="prefix" value="WEB-INF/views/"/>
<!--后缀-->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
<!--WEB-INF/views/.jsp-->
</bean>
</beans>
5.控制层编写
package com.yang.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String hello(Model model){
model.addAttribute("msg","Hello,SpringMVC");
System.out.println("刘洋最美");
return "hello";
}
}
6.编写跳转界面
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Hello</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello</h1>
${msg}
</body>
</html>
7.配置tomcat测试看是否生效
结果:
前端:
后端:
需要注意的点:
需要把依赖导入lib目录中,不然会出现404错误: