Ubuntu18.04部署Django项目（Nginx+uWSGI）

1. 安装Nginx

• 安装

sudo apt-get install nginx

• 启动服务

sudo service nginx start
sudo service nginx stop
sudo service nginx restart

或者

sudo /etc/init.d/ngnix start
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx stop
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx restart

• 查看错误日志

grep /var/log/nginx/error.log

2. 安装uWSGI

• 安装python-dev

apt-get install python-dev

• 安装uWSGI

pip install uwsgi

• 测试uWSGI
  使用函数测试uWSGI是否正常，新建test.py文件，定义如下函数：

def application(env, start_response):
	start_response('200 OK',  [('Contest-Type', 'text/html')] )
	return [b'uWSGI is Good!']   #python3
	#return ['uWSGI is Good!']   #python2

测试uWSGI，如果显示正确，则说明 web client <-> uWSGI <-> Python 这三个环节是畅通的：

uwsgi --http :8080 --wsgi-file test.py

参数说明：
1. http :8080 : 使用http协议，端口号为8080
2. wsgi-file test.py : 加载指定的文件

• 测试Django项目
  通过测试确定 web client <-> uWSGI <-> Django 这三个环节是否通畅，执行以下语句需要先进入到Django项目目录

uwsgi --http :8080 --module mysite.uwsg

3. 配置Nginx

3.1 增加服务器配置

1. 将/etc/nginx/下的 uwsgi_params 文件拷贝到项目目录下。
2. 在项目目录下创建配置文件mysite_nginx.conf，并写入以下内容：

# the upstream component nginx needs to connect to
upstream django {
    # server unix:///home/wfc/works/Django/LicenseSite/license.sock;  #使用socket文件
    server 127.0.0.1:8080；   # 使用TCP端口
}
# configuration of the server
server {
    # the port your site will be served on
    listen      8080;
    # the domain name it will serve for
    server_name 127.0.0.1; # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN
    charset     utf-8;

    # max upload size
    client_max_body_size 75M;   # adjust to taste

    location /static {
        alias /home/wfc/works/Django/LicenseSite/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required
    }

    # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.
    location / {
        uwsgi_pass  django;
        include     /home/wfc/works/Django/LicenseSite/uwsgi_params;  # the uwsgi_params file you installed
    }
}

3. 在 /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/ 目录下创建配置文件的连接

sudo ln -s /home/wfc/works/Django/LicenseSite/mysite_nginx.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/

3.2 部署static文件

在django项目的setting文件中，添加一行内容：

STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static/')

运行collectstatic，主要将admin下静态文件拷贝到项目目录，否则打开的网页没有格式效果：

python manage.py collectstatic

3.3 测试Nginx

• 重启服务

sudo service nginx restart

• 测试静态文件是否显示正常
  访问 http://127.0.0.1:8080/static/image.jpg

4. 使用Unix socket代替TCP port

• 修改配置文件
  取消 server unix 前的注释，并将 server 127. 注释掉

server unix:///home/wfc/works/Django/LicenseSite/license.sock;  #使用socket文件
#server 127.0.0.1:8080；   # 使用TCP端口

• 重启Nginx并运行uWSGI

uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --module mysite.wsgi --chmod-socket=666 # (very permissive)

或者

uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --module mysite.wsgi --chmod-socket=664 # (more sensible)

5. 使用.ini文件运行uWSGI

• 在项目目录下创建 mysite_uwsgi.ini 文件

[uwsgi]

# Django-related settings
# the base directory (full path)
chdir           = /home/wfc/works/Django/LicenseSite/
# Django's wsgi file
module          = LicenseSite.wsgi
# the virtualenv (full path)
home            = /home/wfc/works/Django/LicenseSite/venv/

# process-related settings
# master
master          = true
# maximum number of worker processes
processes       = 10
# the socket (use the full path to be safe
socket          = /home/wfc/works/Django/LicenseSite/license.sock
# ... with appropriate permissions - may be needed
chmod-socket    = 666
# clear environment on exit
vacuum          = true

• 启动uWSGI

uwsgi --ini mysite_uwsgi.ini

6. 设置uWSGI自启动

• 在 /etc/systemd/system/ 目录下创建服务配置文件 mysite.service

[Unit]
Description=uWSGI instance
After=network.target
 
[Service]
User=wfc
WorkingDirectory=/home/wfc/works/Django/LicenseSite
Enviroment=/home/wfc/works/Django/LicenseSite/venv/pyvenv.cfg
ExecStart=/home/wfc/.local/bin/uwsgi --ini /home/wfc/works/Django/LicenseSite/license_uwsgi.ini

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

• 设置项目自启动

sudo systemctl enable mysite

• 服务的其他操作

sudo systemctl start epolicense
sudo systemctl restart epolicense
sudo systemctl stop epolicense
sudo systemctl status epolicense