状态模式

State的定义: 不同的状态,不同的行为;或者说,每个状态有着相应的行为.
State模式在实际使用中比较多,适合"状态的切换".因为我们经常会使用If elseif else 进行状态切换, 如果针对状态的这样判断切换反复出现,我们就要联想到是否可以采取State模式了.
不只是根据状态,也有根据属性.如果某个对象的属性不同,对象的行为就不一样,这点在数据库系统中出现频率比较高,我们经常会在一个数据表的尾部,加上property属性含义的字段,用以标识记录中一些特殊性质的记录,这种属性的改变(切换)又是随时可能发生的,就有可能要使用State.
何时使用 State模式在实际使用中比较多,适合"状态的切换".
[img]http://peterji.iteye.com/upload/attachment/104291/835da863-b413-384e-b826-1e5a4fddeff4.jpg[/img]
这个我没有想到适合的实例,故用了cbf4life的代码:

package pattern.state;

public abstract class LiftState {
	protected Context context;

	public Context getContext() {
		return context;
	}

	public void setContext(Context context) {
		this.context = context;
	}

	public abstract void open();

	public abstract void close();

	public abstract void run();

	public abstract void stop();

}

package pattern.state;

public class OpenState extends LiftState {

	@Override
	public void close() {
		super.context.setLiftState(Context.closedgState);
		super.context.close();
	}

	@Override
	public void open() {
		System.out.println("电梯门开启...");
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub

	}

	@Override
	public void stop() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub

	}

}

package pattern.state;

public class ClosedState extends LiftState {

	@Override
	public void close() {
		System.out.println("电梯门关闭...");
	}

	@Override
	public void open() {
		super.context.setLiftState(Context.openState); //置为门敞状态
		super.context.getLiftState().open();
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		super.context.setLiftState(Context.runState); //设置为运行状态；
		super.context.getLiftState().run();
	}

	@Override
	public void stop() {
		super.context.setLiftState(Context.stopState); //设置为停止状态；
		super.context.getLiftState().stop();

	}

}

package pattern.state;

public class RunState extends LiftState {

	@Override
	public void close() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub

	}

	@Override
	public void open() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub

	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		System.out.println("电梯上下跑...");
	}

	@Override
	public void stop() {
		super.context.setLiftState(Context.stopState); //设置为停止状态；
		super.context.getLiftState().stop();
	}

}

package pattern.state;

public class StopState extends LiftState {

	@Override
	public void close() {

	}

	@Override
	public void open() {
		super.context.setLiftState(Context.openState);
		super.context.getLiftState().open();
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		super.context.setLiftState(Context.runState);
		super.context.getLiftState().run();
	}

	@Override
	public void stop() {
		System.out.println("电梯停止了...");
	}

}

package pattern.state;

public class Context {
	public final static OpenState openState = new OpenState();
	public final static ClosedState closedgState = new ClosedState();
	public final static RunState runState = new RunState();
	public final static StopState stopState = new StopState();
	private LiftState liftState;

	public void setLiftState(LiftState liftState) {
		this.liftState = liftState;
		this.liftState.setContext(this);
	}

	public LiftState getLiftState() {
		return liftState;
	}

	public void open() {
		this.liftState.open();
	}

	public void close() {
		this.liftState.close();
	}

	public void run() {
		this.liftState.run();
	}

	public void stop() {
		this.liftState.stop();
	}

}

package pattern.state;

public class Test {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Context context = new Context();
		context.setLiftState(new OpenState());
		System.out.println("************************");
		context.open();
		System.out.println("************************");
		context.close();
		System.out.println("************************");
		context.run();
		System.out.println("************************");
		context.stop();
	}
}