第一节、网络编程之服务器与客户端简单通信

本节讲解最简单的服务器与客户端通信

hello_server.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>

void error_handling(const char* message);

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
	int serv_sock;
	int clnt_sock;
	struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
	struct sockaddr_in clnt_addr;
	socklen_t clnt_addr_size;

	char message[] = "Hello world!";

	if(argc != 2)
	{
		printf("Usage : %s <port>\n",argv[0] );
		exit(1);
	}

	serv_sock = socket(PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0); //创建套接字
	if(serv_sock == -1)
		error_handling("socket() error");

	memset(&serv_addr,0,sizeof(serv_addr));
	serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
	serv_addr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[1]));

	if(bind(serv_sock,(struct sockaddr*)& serv_addr,sizeof(serv_addr)) == -1)//调用bind函数分配ip和端口
		error_handling("bind() error");

	if(listen(serv_sock,5) == -1) 		//调用listen函数将套接字转为可接收连接状态
		error_handling("listen() error");

	clnt_addr_size = sizeof(clnt_addr);

	//调用accept函数受理连接请求,如果在没有连接的情况下调用该函数,则不会返回,直到有连接请求为止.
	//意思是这里会一直阻塞,直到有连接请求
	clnt_sock = accept(serv_sock,(struct sockaddr*)&clnt_addr,&clnt_addr_size);
	if(clnt_sock == -1)
		error_handling("accept() error");

	//打印连接上来的客户端ip port
	printf("client ip:%s,port:%d\n",inet_ntoa(clnt_addr.sin_addr),ntohs(clnt_addr.sin_port));

	write(clnt_sock,message,sizeof(message));
	close(clnt_sock);
	close(serv_sock);

	return 0;
}

void error_handling(const char* message)
{
	fputs(message,stderr);
	fputc('\n',stderr);
	exit(1);
}

hello_client.cpp

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>

void error_handling(const char* message);

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
	int sock;
	struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
	char message[30];
	int str_len;

	if(argc != 3)
	{
		printf("Usage : %s <IP> <port>\n",argv[0] );
		exit(1);
	}

	sock = socket(PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
	if(sock == -1)
		error_handling("socket() error");

	memset(&serv_addr,0,sizeof(serv_addr));
	serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);
	serv_addr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2]));

	if(connect(sock,(struct sockaddr*)& serv_addr,sizeof(serv_addr)) == -1)
		error_handling("connect() error");

	str_len = read(sock,message,sizeof(message)-1);
	if (str_len == -1)
	{
		error_handling("read() error");
	}

	printf("Message from server: %s\n",message );

	close(sock);

	return 0;
}

void error_handling(const char* message)
{
	fputs(message,stderr);
	fputc('\n',stderr);
	exit(1);
}

然后在linux平台上编译

gcc hello_server.c -o hello_server
gcc hello_server.c -o hello_client

然后先启动服务器

./hello_server 6666

再复制一直ssh窗口执行

./hello_client 127.0.0.1 6666

然后就会看到服务器和客户端分别打印信息如下

client ip:127.0.0.1,port:32904

Message from server: Hello world!