Swift学习之属性

属性

1.存储属性 就是存储在特定类或者结构体的实例的一个变量或者常量

struct FixedLengthRange {
    var firstValue = 3
    var length = 4
}

let fixLengthRange = FixedLengthRange()
print(fixLengthRange.firstValue)
//fixLengthRange.firstValue = 4 因为fixLengthRange 是常量，其所有的属性值都不能在被修改

class dataImporter {
    var fileName = "test.txt"
}

class dataManager {
    //必须被初始化
    lazy var importer = dataImporter()
    var data = [String]()
}

let manager = dataManager()
//importer现在还没被创建
manager.data.append("some data")
manager.data.append("another data")

print(manager.importer.fileName)//importer现在被创建

2.计算属性

struct Point {
    var x = 0.0 ,y = 0.0
}
struct Size {
    var width = 0.0 ,height = 0.0
}

struct Rect {
    var origin = Point()
    var size = Size()

    var center :Point{
        get{
            let centerX = origin.x + (size.width / 2)
            let centerY = origin.y + (size.height / 2)
            return Point(x: centerX, y: centerY)
        }
        //1.第一种setter方式
        //set(newCenter){
            //origin.x = newCenter.x - (size.width/2)
            //origin.y = newCenter.y - (size.height/2)
        //}
        //2.第二种setter方式
        set{
            origin.x = newValue.x - (size.width/2)
            origin.y = newValue.y - (size.height/2)
        }
    }
}

var square = Rect(origin:Point(x: 3, y: 3), size:Size(width: 3, height: 3))
print(square)

//如果一个计算属性只是可读的，可以省略get{}
struct Cubiod {
    var width = 0.0
    var volume :Double {
        return width * width * width
    }
}

3.属性观察器 observer

willSet :在属性的值在被赋值之前调用

didSet:在属性的值被赋值之后调用

class StepCounter {
    var totalSteps:Int = 0 {

        willSet{
            print("totalSteps is \(newValue)")
        }

        didSet{
            if totalSteps > oldValue{
                print("totalSteps is big than oldValue")
            }
        }
    }
}

var stepCounter = StepCounter()
stepCounter.totalSteps = 10

//类属性，用static来声明，用类或者结构体、枚举来访问，而不是类或者结构体、枚举的实例对象也访问