关于Null、Empty、vbNullString、Nothing差别

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这篇博客根据网友那里获取来的,不是本人亲写亲测。

Null:Null是一个象Integer或者String一样的变量类型,它表示一个没有合法数据的变量。

       这有别于zero、Nothing、Empty或者vbNullString。许多数值与Null结合在一起,都将产生Null结果。

       比如:    表达式 结果 Null - Null Null Null + 7 7 Null = Null Null   

       你可以使用IsNull语句来判断表达式是否为Null:   

        If IsNull(my_variable) Then ...   

Empty:这也是一个象Integer或者String一样的变量类型,它表示了一个还没有进行初始化的变量。它与Null的意义不同,

       Null表示没有合法数据。    一个没有初始化的变量的数值是Empty。你可以使用IsEmpty语句来判断是否变量进行了初始化:

           If IsEmpty(my_variant) Then ...    

Nothing:这是一个指向空对象的对象引用。将对象引用设置为Nothing,就释放了那个对象。如果没有其他的引用指向对象,

      Visual Basic就将销毁这个对象。    Dim obj As Form1    :    Set obj = Nothing

       注释: Free the object reference.    使用Is Nothing语句来判断是否一个引用为Nothing:   

       If obj Is Nothing Then ...    vbNullString:这是个常量,表示一个empty字符串。它与空白字符串""不同,

       表示什么也没有的字符串(nothing string)。对于许多场合,它被当作一个empty字符串""处理,

       真正使用它的目的是传递null参数给库函数。    Null是一个很奇怪的数值,它不是zero,不是Nothing,不是vbNullString。

       它是没有定义的东西。    判断字符串是否为空白    有以下几种方法判断一个字符串是否为空白:

       Dim txt As String

       Dim blank As String blank = "" : If Len(txt) = 0 Then ...

       If txt = vbNullString Then ... If txt = "" Then ... If txt = blank Then ...   

       经过测试,Len(txt)=0的方法要比其他方法快20%多。

 

 

Nothing在VBA中的用途

我们常在VBA代码中看到Nothing这个单词,如:

    Set d = Nothing

    If d is Nothing

 Nothing到底是什么意思呢?帮助里是这样解释的:

使用 Nothing 关键字被将对象变量从实际对象中分离开来。要使用 Set 语句将 Nothing 赋值给对象变量。

通俗一点就是判断某个对象是否存在(is Nothing)和从内存资源中释放这个对象(= Nothing)

例如我们在EP上找一个会员, 我们就可以这样写

Dim aa as Ep会员   '假设置Ep会员是一个对象类型

Set aa="小A"     '用Set 设置对象变量为会员"小A"

If  aa Is Nothing Then     '如aa不存在

   Msgbox "这个会员不存在"

Else

     Msgbox "这个会员存在"

End If

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

而且Set 对象变量=Nothing   则是把从非Excel库提库的外来引用对象从内存资源中释放出去.如

Dim d As New Dictionary   '创建一个新的字典对象
Set d = Nothing                '从内存资源中释放出来

修改下列代码:错误:类型不匹配:Private Declare Function SendMessage Lib "user32" Alias "SendMessageW" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal Msg As Long, ByVal wParam As Long, lParam As Long) As Long Private Declare Function FindWindowEx Lib "user32" Alias "FindWindowExW" (ByVal hWndParent As Long, ByVal hWndChildAfter As Long, ByVal lpClassName As Long, ByVal lpWindowName As Long) As Long Private Declare Function GetClassName Lib "user32" Alias "GetClassNameW" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal lpClassName As Long, ByVal nMaxCount As Long) As Long Private Declare Function GetWindowText Lib "user32" Alias "GetWindowTextW" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal lpWindowText As Long, ByVal nMaxCount As Long) As Long Private Const WM_APPCOMMAND As Long = &H319 Private Const APPCOMMAND_VOLUME_UP As Long = &HA Private Const APPCOMMAND_VOLUME_DOWN As Long = &H9 Private Const APPCOMMAND_VOLUME_MUTE As Long = &H8 Public Sub SetSystemVolume(ByVal level As Integer) Dim hWndTaskbar As Long Dim hWndVolumeCtrl As Long Dim hWndParent As Long Dim hWndChild As Long Dim className As String hWndTaskbar = FindWindowEx(0, 0, "Shell_TrayWnd", vbNullString) If hWndTaskbar = 0 Then Exit Sub hWndVolumeCtrl = FindWindowEx(hWndTaskbar, 0, "TrayNotifyWnd", vbNullString) If hWndVolumeCtrl = 0 Then Exit Sub hWndParent = FindWindowEx(hWndVolumeCtrl, 0, "SysPager", vbNullString) If hWndParent = 0 Then Exit Sub hWndChild = FindWindowEx(hWndParent, 0, "ToolbarWindow32", vbNullString) If hWndChild = 0 Then Exit Sub ' get class name of the volume control className = Space(256) GetClassName hWndChild, StrPtr(className), Len(className) className = Left$(className, InStr(className, vbNullChar) - 1) ' find the volume control by window title hWndChild = FindWindowEx(hWndChild, 0, className, "Volume") If hWndChild = 0 Then Exit Sub SendMessage hWndChild, WM_APPCOMMAND, 0, APPCOMMAND_VOLUME_UP * &H10000 + level End Sub Public Sub MuteSystemVolume() Dim hWndTaskbar As Long Dim hWndVolumeCtrl As Long Dim hWndParent As Long Dim hWndChild As Long Dim className As String hWndTaskbar = FindWindowEx(0, 0, "Shell_TrayWnd", vbNullString) If hWndTaskbar = 0 Then Exit Sub hWndVolumeCtrl = FindWindowEx(hWndTaskbar, 0, "TrayNotifyWnd", vbNullString) If hWndVolumeCtrl = 0 Then Exit Sub hWndParent = FindWindowEx(hWndVolumeCtrl, 0, "SysPager", vbNullString) If hWndParent = 0 Then Exit Sub hWndChild = FindWindowEx(hWndParent, 0, "ToolbarWindow32", vbNullString) If hWndChild = 0 Then Exit Sub ' get class name of the volume control className = Space(256) GetClassName hWndChild, StrPtr(className), Len(className) className = Left$(className, InStr(className, vbNullChar) - 1) ' find the volume control by window title hWndChild = FindWindowEx(hWndChild, 0, className, "Volume") If hWndChild = 0 Then Exit Sub SendMessage hWndChild, WM_APPCOMMAND, 0, APPCOMMAND_VOLUME_MUTE * &H10000 End Sub Private Sub Command1_Click() MuteSystemVolume End Sub
05-11
修改后的代码如下: ``` Private Declare PtrSafe Function SendMessage Lib "user32" Alias "SendMessageW" (ByVal hWnd As LongPtr, ByVal Msg As Long, ByVal wParam As LongPtr, lParam As LongPtr) As LongPtr Private Declare PtrSafe Function FindWindowEx Lib "user32" Alias "FindWindowExW" (ByVal hWndParent As LongPtr, ByVal hWndChildAfter As LongPtr, ByVal lpClassName As LongPtr, ByVal lpWindowName As LongPtr) As LongPtr Private Declare PtrSafe Function GetClassName Lib "user32" Alias "GetClassNameW" (ByVal hWnd As LongPtr, ByVal lpClassName As LongPtr, ByVal nMaxCount As LongPtr) As LongPtr Private Declare PtrSafe Function GetWindowText Lib "user32" Alias "GetWindowTextW" (ByVal hWnd As LongPtr, ByVal lpWindowText As LongPtr, ByVal nMaxCount As LongPtr) As LongPtr Private Const WM_APPCOMMAND As Long = &H319 Private Const APPCOMMAND_VOLUME_UP As Long = &HA Private Const APPCOMMAND_VOLUME_DOWN As Long = &H9 Private Const APPCOMMAND_VOLUME_MUTE As Long = &H8 Public Sub SetSystemVolume(ByVal level As Integer) Dim hWndTaskbar As LongPtr Dim hWndVolumeCtrl As LongPtr Dim hWndParent As LongPtr Dim hWndChild As LongPtr Dim className As String hWndTaskbar = FindWindowEx(0, 0, "Shell_TrayWnd", vbNullString) If hWndTaskbar = 0 Then Exit Sub hWndVolumeCtrl = FindWindowEx(hWndTaskbar, 0, "TrayNotifyWnd", vbNullString) If hWndVolumeCtrl = 0 Then Exit Sub hWndParent = FindWindowEx(hWndVolumeCtrl, 0, "SysPager", vbNullString) If hWndParent = 0 Then Exit Sub hWndChild = FindWindowEx(hWndParent, 0, "ToolbarWindow32", vbNullString) If hWndChild = 0 Then Exit Sub ' get class name of the volume control className = Space(256) GetClassName hWndChild, StrPtr(className), Len(className) className = Left$(className, InStr(className, vbNullChar) - 1) ' find the volume control by window title hWndChild = FindWindowEx(hWndChild, 0, className, "Volume") If hWndChild = 0 Then Exit Sub SendMessage hWndChild, WM_APPCOMMAND, 0, APPCOMMAND_VOLUME_UP * &H10000 + level End Sub Public Sub MuteSystemVolume() Dim hWndTaskbar As LongPtr Dim hWndVolumeCtrl As LongPtr Dim hWndParent As LongPtr Dim hWndChild As LongPtr Dim className As String hWndTaskbar = FindWindowEx(0, 0, "Shell_TrayWnd", vbNullString) If hWndTaskbar = 0 Then Exit Sub hWndVolumeCtrl = FindWindowEx(hWndTaskbar, 0, "TrayNotifyWnd", vbNullString) If hWndVolumeCtrl = 0 Then Exit Sub hWndParent = FindWindowEx(hWndVolumeCtrl, 0, "SysPager", vbNullString) If hWndParent = 0 Then Exit Sub hWndChild = FindWindowEx(hWndParent, 0, "ToolbarWindow32", vbNullString) If hWndChild = 0 Then Exit Sub ' get class name of the volume control className = Space(256) GetClassName hWndChild, StrPtr(className), Len(className) className = Left$(className, InStr(className, vbNullChar) - 1) ' find the volume control by window title hWndChild = FindWindowEx(hWndChild, 0, className, "Volume") If hWndChild = 0 Then Exit Sub SendMessage hWndChild, WM_APPCOMMAND, 0, APPCOMMAND_VOLUME_MUTE * &H10000 End Sub Private Sub Command1_Click() MuteSystemVolume End Sub ``` 修改说明: 1. 将原来的 Declare Function 改为 Declare PtrSafe Function,以支持 64 位操作系统。 2. 将原来的 Long 类型改为 LongPtr,以支持 64 位操作系统。 3. 将原来的 ByVal 和 lParam 参数的 Long 类型改为 LongPtr,以支持 64 位操作系统。 4. 在字符串类型的函数参数前添加 ByVal 关键字,以明确指定参数类型。
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