1 HttpClient
HttpClient 提供的主要的功能
- 实现了所有 HTTP 的方法(GET,POST,PUT,DELETE 等)
- 支持自动转向
- 支持 HTTPS 协议
- 支持代理服务器等
2 使用mock来创建用来测试的接口
startupWithCookies.json文件里面创建一个会返回cookies的get请求、一个带有cookies才能访问的get请求与带有cookies的post请求,接下来
[
{
"description":"这是一个会返回cookies信息的get请求",
"request":{
"uri":"/getCookies",
"method":"get"
},
"response":{
"cookies":{
"login":"true"
},
"text":"恭喜你获得cookies信息成功",
"headers":{
"Content-Type":"text/html;charset=gbk"
}
}
},
{
"description":"这是一个带cookies信息的get请求",
"request":{
"uri":"/get/with/cookies",
"method":"get",
"cookies":{
"login":"true"
}
},
"response":{
"text":"这是一个需要携带cookies信息才能访问的get请求",
"headers":{
"Content-Type":"text/html;charset=gbk"
}
}
},
{
"description":"这是一个带cookies信息的post请求",
"request":{
"uri":"/post/with/cookies",
"method":"post",
"cookies":{
"login":"true"
},
"json":{
"name":"huhansan",
"age":"18"
}
},
"response":{
"status":200,
"json":{
"huhansan":"success",
"status":"1"
},
"headers":{
"Content-Type":"text/html;charset=gbk"
}
}
}
]
将编写的接口等运行起来,运行起来后后续才可以进行测试
3 使用httpclient测试会返回cookies的get请求
即是这一个接口:
即当访问http://localhost:8899/getCookies时会返回login:true的cookies值
{
"description":"这是一个会返回cookies信息的get请求",
"request":{
"uri":"/getCookies",
"method":"get"
},
"response":{
"cookies":{
"login":"true"
},
"text":"恭喜你获得cookies信息成功",
"headers":{
"Content-Type":"text/html;charset=gbk"
}
}
}
appliction.properties文件里面存放的是一些待测试的接口
test.url = http://localhost:8899
dev.url = http://localhost:8899
getCookies.uri =/getCookies
test.get.with.cookies = /get/with/cookies
test.post.with.cookies = /post/with/cookies
login = /login
在使用httpclient框架时需要导入的依赖,即pom.xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.course.code</groupId>
<artifactId>Chapter9</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
<version>4.0.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.testng</groupId>
<artifactId>testng</artifactId>
<version>7.1.0</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.json</groupId>
<artifactId>json</artifactId>
<version>20170516</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
使用HttpClient来测试会返回cookies的get请求
package com.course.httpclient.cookie;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.CookieStore;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.cookie.Cookie;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeTest;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.ResourceBundle;
public class MyCookieForGet {
private String url;
private ResourceBundle bundle;
//用来存储cookies信息的变量
private CookieStore store;
@BeforeTest
public void beforeTest(){
//来获取application文件的里面的测试url,要使用bundle才能获取
bundle = ResourceBundle.getBundle("appliction", Locale.CHINA);
url = bundle.getString("test.url");
}
@Test
public void testGetCookies() throws IOException {
String result;
// 从配置文件中 拼接测试的url
String uri = bundle.getString("getCookies.uri");
String testUrl = this.url+uri;
// 测试逻辑代码书写
HttpGet get = new HttpGet(testUrl);
// new 一个 client对象用来执行get请求的
DefaultHttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
// 执行get请求,并使用response来存放执行后返回的响应内容
HttpResponse response = client.execute(get);
//使用result来存放响应后内容,主要要使用utf-8
result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(),"utf-8");
System.out.println(result);
//获取cookies信息
this.store = client.getCookieStore();
//因为cookie里面的内容是使用key:value的格式进行存放的,使用list进行存放cookie内容
List<Cookie> cookieList = store.getCookies();
// 读取cookie中内容
for (Cookie cookie : cookieList){
String name = cookie.getName();
String value = cookie.getValue();
System.out.println("cookie name = " + name
+ "; cookie value = " + value);
}
}
@Test(dependsOnMethods = {"testGetCookies"})
public void testGetWithCookies() throws IOException {
String uri = bundle.getString("test.get.with.cookies");
String testUrl = this.url+uri;
HttpGet get = new HttpGet(testUrl);
DefaultHttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
//设置cookies信息
client.setCookieStore(this.store);
HttpResponse response = client.execute(get);
//获取响应的状态码
int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
System.out.println("statusCode = " + statusCode);
if(statusCode == 200){
String result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(),"utf-8");
System.out.println(result);
}
}
}
运行结果:
4 使用httpclient测试一个带cookie的post请求
即是测试一个携带login:true的cookie信息的post请求
{
"description":"这是一个带cookies信息的post请求",
"request":{
"uri":"/post/with/cookies",
"method":"post",
"cookies":{
"login":"true"
},
"json":{
"name":"huhansan",
"age":"18"
}
},
"response":{
"status":200,
"json":{
"huhansan":"success",
"status":"1"
},
"headers":{
"Content-Type":"text/html;charset=gbk"
}
}
}
使用HttpClient来测试带cookies的post请求,
在测试代码中,我是先利用上面的会返回cookie的get请求来获取cookie,在将cookie作为post需要携带的cookie内容。
package com.course.httpclient.cookie;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.CookieStore;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.cookie.Cookie;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.json.JSONObject;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeTest;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.ResourceBundle;
public class MyCookieForPost {
private String url;
private ResourceBundle bundle;
//用来存储cookies信息的变量
private CookieStore store;
@BeforeTest
public void beforeTest(){
bundle = ResourceBundle.getBundle("appliction", Locale.CHINA);
url = bundle.getString("test.url");
}
@Test
public void testGetCookies() throws IOException {
String result;
// 从配置文件中 拼接测试的url
String uri = bundle.getString("getCookies.uri");
String testUrl = this.url+uri;
// 测试逻辑代码书写
HttpGet get = new HttpGet(testUrl);
DefaultHttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpResponse response = client.execute(get);
result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(),"utf-8");
System.out.println(result);
//获取cookies信息
this.store = client.getCookieStore();
List<Cookie> cookieList = store.getCookies();
for (Cookie cookie : cookieList){
String name = cookie.getName();
String value = cookie.getValue();
System.out.println("cookie name = " + name
+ "; cookie value = " + value);
}
}
@Test(dependsOnMethods = {"testGetCookies"})
public void testPostMethod() throws IOException {
String uri = bundle.getString("test.post.with.cookies");
//拼接最终的测试地址
String testUrl = this.url + uri;
//声明一个Client对象,用来进行方法的执行
DefaultHttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
//声明一个方法,这个方法就是post方法
HttpPost post = new HttpPost(testUrl);
//添加参数
JSONObject param = new JSONObject();
param.put("name","huhansan");
param.put("age","18");
//设置请求头信息 设置header
post.setHeader("content-type","application/json");
//将参数信息添加到方法中
StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(param.toString(),"utf-8");
post.setEntity(entity);
//声明一个对象来进行响应结果的存储
String result;
//设置cookies信息
client.setCookieStore(this.store);
//执行post方法
HttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
//获取响应结果
result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(),"utf-8");
System.out.println(result);
//处理结果,就是判断返回结果是否符合预期
//将返回的响应结果字符串转化成为json对象
JSONObject resultJson = new JSONObject(result);
//获取到结果值
String success = (String) resultJson.get("huhansan");
String status = (String) resultJson.get("status");
//具体的判断返回结果的值
Assert.assertEquals("success",success);
Assert.assertEquals("1",status);
}
}
运行结果:
这是我学习慕课《面面俱到的java接口自动化测试实战》里面的httpclient框架部分的内容,上述的代码对应第九章的内容,觉得有用可以到我的github上下载运行。
https://github.com/hhhhhhe/Interface_Auto_Test