七、枚举类

---

枚举类说明

• 枚举类的理解：类的对象只有有限个，确定的，称此类为枚举类
• 当需要定义一组常量时，强烈建议使用枚举类
• 如果枚举类中只有一个对象，则可以作为单例模式的实现方式

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一、如何自定义枚举类(JDK 5.0之前)

public class SeasonTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season summer = Season.SUMMER;
        System.out.println(summer); // Season{seasonName='夏天', seasonDesc='夏日炎炎'}
        System.out.println(Season.class.getSuperclass()); // class java.lang.Object
    }
}

class Season{
    //1.声明Season对象的属性：private final
    private final String seasonName;
    private final String seasonDesc;

    //2.私有化类的构造器，并给对象属性赋值
    private Season(String seasonName,String seasonDesc){
        this.seasonName = seasonName;
        this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
    }

    //3.提供当前枚举类的多个对象：public static final
    public static final Season SPRING = new Season("春天","春暖花开");
    public static final Season SUMMER = new Season("夏天","夏日炎炎");
    public static final Season AUTUMN = new Season("秋天","秋高气爽");
    public static final Season WINTER = new Season("冬天","冰天雪地");

    //4.其他诉求1：获取枚举类对象的属性
    public String getSeasonName() {
        return seasonName;
    }

    public String getSeasonDesc() {
        return seasonDesc;
    }
    
    //4.其他诉求2：提供toString()
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Season{" +
                "seasonName='" + seasonName + '\'' +
                ", seasonDesc='" + seasonDesc + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

---

二、如何使用关键字enum定义枚举类(JDK 5.0)

• 继承class java.lang.Enum类，故有如下写法

  public enum Status{
  	FREE,BUSY,VOCATION;
  }
  

public class SeasonTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season1 summer = Season1.SUMMER;
        System.out.println(summer); // SUMMER
        System.out.println(Season1.class.getSuperclass()); // class java.lang.Enum
    }
}

enum Season1 {
    //1.提供当前枚举类的对象，多个对象之间用","隔开，末尾对象";"结束
    SPRING("春天","春暖花开"),
    SUMMER("夏天","夏日炎炎"),
    AUTUMN("秋天","秋高气爽"),
    WINTER("冬天","冰天雪地");

    //2.声明Season对象的属性：private final修饰
    private final String seasonName;
    private final String seasonDesc;

    //3.私化类的构造器，并给对象属性赋值

    private Season1(String seasonName,String seasonDesc){
        this.seasonName = seasonName;
        this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
    }

    //4.其他诉求1：获取枚举类对象的属性
    public String getSeasonName() {
        return seasonName;
    }

    public String getSeasonDesc() {
        return seasonDesc;
    }

}

---

三、Enum类的主要方法

public class SeasonTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season1 summer = Season1.SUMMER;
        // toString()：返回枚举类对象的名称
        System.out.println(summer.toString());
        // values()：返回枚举类型的对象数组，可遍历所有的枚举值
        Season1[] values = Season1.values();
        for(int i = 0;i < values.length;i++){
            System.out.println(values[i]);
        }
        Thread.State[] values1 = Thread.State.values();
        for (int i = 0; i < values1.length; i++) {
            System.out.println(values1[i]);
        }
        // valueOf(String objName)：返回枚举类中对象名是objName的对象
        Season1 winter = Season1.valueOf("WINTER");
        System.out.println(winter);
        // Season1 winter = Season1.valueOf("WINTER1");
        // 如果没objName的枚举类对象，则抛异常：IllegalArgumentException
    }
}

SUMMER
********************
SPRING
SUMMER
AUTUMN
WINTER
********************
NEW
RUNNABLE
BLOCKED
WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TERMINATED
********************
WINTER

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四、实现接口的枚举类

• 和普通 Java 类一样，枚举类可以实现一个或多个接口

  interface Info{
      void show();
  }
  

• 若每个枚举值在调用实现的接口方法呈现相同的行为方式，则只要统一实现该方法即可

      @Override
      public void show() {
          System.out.println("这是个季节");
      }
  

• 若需要每个枚举值在调用实现的接口方法呈现出不同的行为方式，则可以让每个枚举值分别来实现该方法

  enum Season1 implements Info{
      //1.提供当前枚举类的对象，多个对象之间用","隔开，末尾对象";"结束
      SPRING("春天","春暖花开"){
          @Override
          public void show() {
              System.out.println("这是个春天");
          }
      },
      SUMMER("夏天","夏日炎炎"){
          @Override
          public void show() {
              System.out.println("这是个夏天");
          }
      },
      AUTUMN("秋天","秋高气爽"){
          @Override
          public void show() {
              System.out.println("这是个秋天");
          }
      },
      WINTER("冬天","冰天雪地"){
          @Override
          public void show() {
              System.out.println("这是个冬天");
          }
      };
      ...