VM 虚拟机 Linux数据盘扩容

更多扩展方法参考:https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/25452.html

这里从200G扩容到300G

查看现有情况

fdisk -l /dev/sdb
Disk /dev/sdb: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors

外部添加磁盘

直接修改硬盘2的大小，保存即可。

命令通知内核更新分区表

partprobe /dev/vdb

查看磁盘已经变大。

fdisk -l /dev/sdb
Disk /dev/sdb: 322.1 GB, 322122547200 bytes, 629145600 sectors

开始扩容

确认分区表格式和文件系统

1、确定格式

[root@localhost /]# fdisk -lu /dev/sdb

Disk /dev/sdb: 322.1 GB, 322122547200 bytes, 629145600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x2b9cd776

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048   419430399   209714176   83  Linux

如果System为Linux，说明数据盘使用的是MBR分区表格式。
如果System为GPT，说明数据盘使用的是GPT分区表格式。
这里为MBR

2、文件类型

[root@localhost /]# blkid /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1: UUID="51202885-a1c4-48ee-9daa-2824c1c8262c" TYPE="xfs" 

这里为xfs

3、运行以下命令确认文件系统的状态。
ext*文件系统：e2fsck -n /dev/sdb1
xfs文件系统：xfs_repair -n /dev/sdb1

扩展已有MBR分区

必须取消挂载（umount）数据盘。
1、使用fdisk工具删除旧分区。
p d p w

[root@localhost /]# fdisk -u /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.


Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 322.1 GB, 322122547200 bytes, 629145600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x2b9cd776

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048   419430399   209714176   83  Linux

Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 1
Partition 1 is deleted

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 322.1 GB, 322122547200 bytes, 629145600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x2b9cd776

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

2、使用fdisk命令新建分区。
p n p w

[root@localhost /]# fdisk -u /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.


Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 322.1 GB, 322122547200 bytes, 629145600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x2b9cd776

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 
First sector (2048-629145599, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-629145599, default 629145599): 
Using default value 629145599
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 300 GiB is set

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

3、命令通知内核更新分区表。

partprobe /dev/sdb

4、运行以下命令确保分区表已经增加。

[root@localhost /]# lsblk /dev/sdb
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sdb      8:16   0  300G  0 disk 
└─sdb1   8:17   0  300G  0 part /data

扩容文件系统

ext文件系统（例如ext3和ext4）：依次运行以下命令调整ext文件系统大小并重新挂载分区。

# 调整ext*文件系
resize2fs /dev/sdb1

xfs文件系统：依次运行以下命令先重新挂载分区，再调整xfs文件系统大小。

# 分区挂载到/mnt。
mount /dev/vdb1 /mnt

#调整xfs文件系统大小。
xfs_growfs /mnt

挂载磁盘查看

[root@localhost /]# mount -a
[root@localhost /]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sdb1       300G  1.6G  299G   1% /data

查看扩容情况

[root@localhost /]# xfs_growfs /data/
meta-data=/dev/sdb1              isize=512    agcount=9, agsize=6553536 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0 spinodes=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=52428544, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=12799, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 52428544 to 78642944
[root@localhost /]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sdb1       300G  1.6G  299G   1% /data

sdb1 已经正常识别容量了。