分组统计你只想到group_by操作吗？

最近在研究excel透视图，想到好像自己在R-分组操作并不是很流畅，顺便学习分享一下。R自带数据集比较多，今天就选择一个我想对了解的mtcars数据集带大家学习一下R语言中的分组计算（操作）。

目录

1 dplyr包中的group_by联合summarize

1.1 group_by语法

1.2 summarise语法

1.3 group_by和summarise单变量分组计算  

1.4 group_by和summarise多变量分组计算  

2 ddply

2.1 ddply语法

2.2 ddply分组计算示例

3 aggregate

3.1 aggregate语法

3.2 aggregate分组计算示例

3.3 aggregate分组计算补充（formula形式）

4 splite

---

正文

首先给大家看一下mtcars数据集的基本情况，data.frame类型，32个观测对象，11个变量。

> head(mtcars)	
                   mpg cyl disp  hp drat    wt  qsec vs am gear carb	
Mazda RX4         21.0   6  160 110 3.90 2.620 16.46  0  1    4    4	
Mazda RX4 Wag     21.0   6  160 110 3.90 2.875 17.02  0  1    4    4	
Datsun 710        22.8   4  108  93 3.85 2.320 18.61  1  1    4    1	
Hornet 4 Drive    21.4   6  258 110 3.08 3.215 19.44  1  0    3    1	
Hornet Sportabout 18.7   8  360 175 3.15 3.440 17.02  0  0    3    2	
Valiant           18.1   6  225 105 2.76 3.460 20.22  1  0    3    1	
> str(mtcars)	
'data.frame':  32 obs. of  11 variables:	
 $ mpg : num  21 21 22.8 21.4 18.7 18.1 14.3 24.4 22.8 19.2 ...	
 $ cyl : num  6 6 4 6 8 6 8 4 4 6 ...	
 $ disp: num  160 160 108 258 360 ...	
 $ hp  : num  110 110 93 110 175 105 245 62 95 123 ...	
 $ drat: num  3.9 3.9 3.85 3.08 3.15 2.76 3.21 3.69 3.92 3.92 ...	
 $ wt  : num  2.62 2.88 2.32 3.21 3.44 ...	
 $ qsec: num  16.5 17 18.6 19.4 17 ...	
 $ vs  : num  0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 ...	
 $ am  : num  1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...	
 $ gear: num  4 4 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 ...	
 $ carb: num  4 4 1 1 2 1 4 2 2 4 ...

1 dplyr包中的group_by联合summarize

1.1 group_by语法

data为数据集	
...为分组变量，可以是一个也可以是多个，多个的话以逗号分割group_by(mtcars, vs, am)

1.2 summarise语法

data为数据集，如果data被group_by定义分组，则根据分组变量分组计算	
...为计算函数，可以是一个也可以是多个，多个的话以逗号分割summarise(data,disp = mean(disp),hp = mean(hp))	

	
summarise计算函数Useful functions拓展	
Center: mean(), median()	
Spread: sd(), IQR(), mad()	
Range: min(), max(), quantile()	
Position: first(), last(), nth(),	
Count: n(), n_distinct()	
Logical: any(), all()

注：计算函数Useful functions拓展中英语不解释了，应该懂得

1.3 group_by和summarise单变量分组计算示例

> library(dplyr) #加载dplyr包	
> by_cyl <- group_by(mtcars,cyl) #对mtcars数据集根据cyl变量进行分组注意行5	
> by_cyl	
# A tibble: 32 x 11	
# Groups:   cyl [3]	
     mpg   cyl  disp    hp  drat    wt  qsec    vs    am  gear  carb	
 * <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>	
 1  21       6  160    110  3.9   2.62  16.5     0     1     4     4	
 2  21       6  160    110  3.9   2.88  17.0     0     1     4     4	
 3  22.8     4  108     93  3.85  2.32  18.6     1     1     4     1	
 4  21.4     6  258    110  3.08  3.22  19.4     1     0     3     1	
 5  18.7     8  360    175  3.15  3.44  17.0     0     0     3     2	
 6  18.1     6  225    105  2.76  3.46  20.2     1     0     3     1	
 7  14.3     8  360    245  3.21  3.57  15.8     0     0     3     4	
 8  24.4     4  147.    62  3.69  3.19  20       1     0     4     2	
 9  22.8     4  141.    95  3.92  3.15  22.9     1     0     4     2	
10  19.2     6  168.   123  3.92  3.44  18.3     1     0     4     4	
# ... with 22 more rows	

	
# 对分组数据的相关变量进行函数计算	
> summarise(by_cyl,disp = mean(disp),hp = mean(hp))	
# A tibble: 3 x 3	
    cyl  disp    hp	
  <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>	
1     4  105.  82.6	
2     6  183. 122. 	
3     8  353. 209.	

	

	
—————分割线：引入%>%管道符号，等价于上方分步骤使用———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————	
>library(dplyr) #加载dplyr包	
> mtcars %>% group_by(cyl) %>% summarise(disp = mean(disp),hp = mean(hp))	
# A tibble: 3 x 3	
    cyl  disp    hp	
  <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>	
1     4  105.  82.6	
2     6  183. 122. 	
3     8  353. 209.

1.4 group_by和summarise多变量分组计算示例

> mtcars %>% group_by(vs, am) %>% summarise(n = n())	
# A tibble: 4 x 3	
# Groups:   vs [2]	
     vs    am     n	
  <dbl> <dbl> <int>	
1     0     0    12	
2     0     1     6	
3     1     0     7	
4     1     1     7

2 ddply

接触了Hadley Wickham神包tidyverse以后感觉数据操作那么简单，这里介绍一种可以实现分组计算/操作的方法，就是plyr包的split-apply-combine思想

2.1 ddply语法

ddply(.data, .variables, ... )	

	
.data为数据集	
.variables分组变量一定要在“点+括号中”，例如".(sex)或.(group, sex)"	
...为计算函数，可以是一个也可以是多个，

2.2 ddply分组计算示例

> library(plyr); library(dplyr)	
> dfx <- data.frame(	
+   group = c(rep('A', 8), rep('B', 15), rep('C', 6)),	
+   sex = sample(c("M", "F"), size = 29, replace = TRUE),	
+   age = runif(n = 29, min = 18, max = 54)	
+ )	
> 	
> ddply(dfx, .(group, sex), summarize,	
+       mean = round(mean(age), 2),	
+       sd = round(sd(age), 2))	
  group sex  mean    sd	
1     A   F 31.46  8.70	
2     A   M 28.49  2.78	
3     B   F 28.75  9.19	
4     B   M 40.90  8.13	
5     C   F 32.24  7.37	
6     C   M 40.77 13.22	
> 	
> 	
> ddply(dfx,.(sex), summarize,	
+       mean = round(mean(age), 2),	
+       sd = round(sd(age), 2))	
  sex  mean   sd	
1   F 30.46 8.10	
2   M 38.68 9.72

注意ddply中分组变量一定要在“点+括号中”，例如".(sex)  或  .(group, sex)"

3 aggregate

3.1 aggregate语法

aggregate(x, by, FUN)x为数据集by为分组变量列表FUN为计算函数

3.2 aggregate分组计算示例

> aggregate(state.x77, list(Region = state.region), mean)	
         Region Population   Income Illiteracy Life Exp    Murder  HS Grad    Frost	
1     Northeast   5495.111 4570.222   1.000000 71.26444  4.722222 53.96667 132.7778	
2         South   4208.125 4011.938   1.737500 69.70625 10.581250 44.34375  64.6250	
3 North Central   4803.000 4611.083   0.700000 71.76667  5.275000 54.51667 138.8333	
4          West   2915.308 4702.615   1.023077 71.23462  7.215385 62.00000 102.1538	
       Area	
1  18141.00	
2  54605.12	
3  62652.00	
4 134463.00	

	
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————	

	
> aggregate(state.x77,list(	
+           Region = state.region,	
+           Cold = state.x77[,"Frost"] > 130),	
+           mean)	
         Region  Cold Population   Income Illiteracy Life Exp    Murder  HS Grad	
1     Northeast FALSE  8802.8000 4780.400  1.1800000 71.12800  5.580000 52.06000	
2         South FALSE  4208.1250 4011.938  1.7375000 69.70625 10.581250 44.34375	
3 North Central FALSE  7233.8333 4633.333  0.7833333 70.95667  8.283333 53.36667	
4          West FALSE  4582.5714 4550.143  1.2571429 71.70000  6.828571 60.11429	
5     Northeast  TRUE  1360.5000 4307.500  0.7750000 71.43500  3.650000 56.35000	
6 North Central  TRUE  2372.1667 4588.833  0.6166667 72.57667  2.266667 55.66667	
7          West  TRUE   970.1667 4880.500  0.7500000 70.69167  7.666667 64.20000	
     Frost      Area	
1 110.6000  21838.60	
2  64.6250  54605.12	
3 120.0000  56736.50	
4  51.0000  91863.71	
5 160.5000  13519.00	
6 157.6667  68567.50	
7 161.8333 184162.17

3.3 aggregate分组计算补充（formula形式）

aggregate(formula, data, FUN)	
#Formulas, one ~ one, one ~ many, many ~ one, and many ~ many:	

	
> aggregate(weight ~ feed, data = chickwts, mean)	
       feed   weight	
1    casein 323.5833	
2 horsebean 160.2000	
3   linseed 218.7500	
4  meatmeal 276.9091	
5   soybean 246.4286	
6 sunflower 328.9167	
> aggregate(breaks ~ wool + tension, data = warpbreaks, mean)	
  wool tension   breaks	
1    A       L 44.55556	
2    B       L 28.22222	
3    A       M 24.00000	
4    B       M 28.77778	
5    A       H 24.55556	
6    B       H 18.77778	
> aggregate(cbind(Ozone, Temp) ~ Month, data = airquality, mean)	
  Month    Ozone     Temp	
1     5 23.61538 66.73077	
2     6 29.44444 78.22222	
3     7 59.11538 83.88462	
4     8 59.96154 83.96154	
5     9 31.44828 76.89655	
> aggregate(cbind(ncases, ncontrols) ~ alcgp + tobgp, data = esoph, sum)	
       alcgp    tobgp ncases ncontrols	
1  0-39g/day 0-9g/day      9       261	
2      40-79 0-9g/day     34       179	
3     80-119 0-9g/day     19        61	
4       120+ 0-9g/day     16        24	
5  0-39g/day    10-19     10        84	
6      40-79    10-19     17        85	
7     80-119    10-19     19        49	
8       120+    10-19     12        18	
9  0-39g/day    20-29      5        42	
10     40-79    20-29     15        62	
11    80-119    20-29      6        16	
12      120+    20-29      7        12	
13 0-39g/day      30+      5        28	
14     40-79      30+      9        29	
15    80-119      30+      7        12	
16      120+      30+     10        13

4 splite

感觉splite没有太多好讲的，直接上例子体会一下吧~

> require(stats); require(graphics)	
> n <- 10; nn <- 100	
> g <- factor(round(n * runif(n * nn)))	
> x <- rnorm(n * nn) + sqrt(as.numeric(g))	
> 	
> xg_group_length <- split(x, g) %>% sapply(length)	
> xg_group_length	
  0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9  10 	
 42 105 103  93 119 120  80  88  97 101  52 	
> xg_group_mean <- split(x, g) %>% sapply(mean)	
> xg_group_mean	
        0         1         2         3         4         5         6         7 	
0.9776091 1.3270451 1.6645178 1.7567653 2.2137027 2.4426637 2.5394288 2.6557613 	
        8         9        10 	
2.8258368 3.0948452 3.1845892