关于Q_ENUMS和Q_ENUM的区别和用法

1.使用Q_ENUM

1).枚举定义和Q_ENUM都在Q_OBJECT下面并且在public上面

#ifndef WIDGET_H
#define WIDGET_H

#include <QWidget>

namespace Ui {
class Widget;
}

class Widget : public QWidget
{
    Q_OBJECT
    enum Action { Open, Save, New, Copy, Cut, Paste, Undo, Redo, Delete };
    Q_ENUM(Action)
public:
    explicit Widget(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    ~Widget();

    void printEnums(Action a);
private:
    Ui::Widget *ui;

};

#endif // WIDGET_H

编译的时候提示错误：

debug\moc_widget.cpp:70:24: error: 'Widget::Action Open' is private within this context
        2, uint(Widget::Open),

此时把枚举ACtion当成私有的了，于是改变写法如下：

2).Q_ENUM在public上面Q_OBJECT下面，枚举定义在public下面：

此时编译又发现：E:\QtPro\test\test_qobject_moc\widget.h:14: error: unknown type name 'Action' 

3).把枚举的定义和Q_EUNM宏都写在public下面

#ifndef WIDGET_H
#define WIDGET_H

#include <QWidget>

namespace Ui {
class Widget;
}

class Widget : public QWidget
{
    Q_OBJECT


public:

    enum Action { Open, Save, New, Copy, Cut, Paste, Undo, Redo, Delete };
    Q_ENUM(Action)
    explicit Widget(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    ~Widget();

    void printEnums(Action a);
private:
    Ui::Widget *ui;

};

#endif // WIDGET_H



调用方式：
    printEnums(Action::Undo);
    printEnums(Widget::Save);

此时编译运行，输出如下：

打印出来的是枚举的名字，不是值。

此时，改成Q_ENUMS：

#ifndef WIDGET_H
#define WIDGET_H

#include <QWidget>

namespace Ui {
class Widget;
}

class Widget : public QWidget
{
    Q_OBJECT


public:
    enum Action { Open, Save, New, Copy, Cut, Paste, Undo, Redo, Delete };
    Q_ENUMS(Action)
    explicit Widget(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    ~Widget();

    void printEnums(Action a);
private:
    Ui::Widget *ui;

};

#endif // WIDGET_H

调用方式同上，输出如下：

4).在public之上和Q_OBJECT之下使用枚举的方式：

#ifndef WIDGET_H
#define WIDGET_H

#include <QWidget>

namespace Ui {
class Widget;
}

class Widget : public QWidget
{
    Q_OBJECT
    typedef  enum __Action { Open, Save, New, Copy, Cut, Paste, Undo, Redo, Delete }Action;
    Q_ENUM(Action)

public:
    explicit Widget(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    ~Widget();

    void printEnums(Action a);
private:
    Ui::Widget *ui;

};

#endif // WIDGET_H

调用方式同上，输出结果如下：

此时，把Q_ENUM改成Q_ENUMS：

#ifndef WIDGET_H
#define WIDGET_H

#include <QWidget>

namespace Ui {
class Widget;
}

class Widget : public QWidget
{
    Q_OBJECT
    typedef  enum __Action { Open, Save, New, Copy, Cut, Paste, Undo, Redo, Delete }Action;
    Q_ENUMS(Action)

public:
    explicit Widget(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    ~Widget();

    void printEnums(Action a);
private:
    Ui::Widget *ui;

};

#endif // WIDGET_H

输出如下：

官方的总结：

Conclusion

Q_ENUM is like the old Q_ENUMS but with those differences:

• It needs to be placed after the enum in the source code.
• Only one enum can be put in the macro.
• It enables QMetaEnum::fromType<T>().
• These enums are automatically declared as a QMetaTypes (no need to add them in Q_DECLARE_METATYPE anymore).
• enums passed to qDebug will print the name of the value rather than the number.
• When put in a QVariant, toString gives the value name.
• The value name is printed by QCOMPARE (from Qt 5.6).

You can read more articles about Qt internals on our blog.

微博：https://woboq.com/blog/q_enum.html

新加一种枚举的写法：

#ifndef WIDGET_H
#define WIDGET_H

#include <QWidget>

namespace Ui {
class Widget;
}

class Widget : public QWidget
{
    Q_OBJECT


    typedef  enum __Action { Open, Save, New, Copy, Cut, Paste, Undo, Redo, Delete }Action;
    Q_CLASSINFO("Author", "Oscar Peterson")
    Q_CLASSINFO("URL", "http://www.my-organization.qc.ca")
    Q_PROPERTY(Priority priority READ priority WRITE setPriority)

    Q_ENUMS(Action)
    enum Option {
           OptionA = 0x1,  
           OptionB = 0x2, 
           OptionC = 0x4,  
           OptionD = 0x8,  
           OptionE = 0x10 
                 };
    Q_DECLARE_FLAGS(Options, Option)

public:

#if 1
    //这种写法打印出来的是枚举的名字
    enum Priority {
        High, Low, VeryHigh, VeryLow
    };

    Q_ENUM(Priority)
#endif
    explicit Widget(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    ~Widget();

    void setPriority(Priority priority) { m_priority = priority; }
    Priority priority() const { return m_priority; }

    void printEnums(Action a);
    void printEnum(Priority p);
    void printEnum(Option p);


private:
    Ui::Widget *ui;
    Priority m_priority;
};

#endif // WIDGET_H

打印：