本章学习了文件的读取、写入和异常处理,还有在文件中存储数据
文件的读取和写入使用 with open('文件路径\文件名') as file 语句
open('文件路径\文件名')视作只读模式,写入模式需要使用open('文件路径\文件名','w'),附加模式使用open('文件路径\文件名','a'),附加模式下不可修改文件,但是可以添加内容
一般不使用close()来关闭文件,而是由python决定何时关闭文件,以防止错误
异常处理使用try except 语句实现抛出错误后的处理,非常简单实用
在python的模块中有json模块,可以使用模块中的dump()和load()函数实现数据的共享式存储和使用
以下是部分练习题的实现:
#10-1 读取文件
with open('10_1.txt') as file:
contents=file.read()
print(contents)
with open('10_1.txt') as file:
for line in file:
print(line.strip())
with open('10_1.txt') as file:
lines=file.readlines()
for line in lines:
print(line.strip())
print('\n')
#10-2 用replace()函数替换字符串中特点字符
text=''
for line in lines:
text+=line.strip()
text+='\n'
print(text.replace("Python","C"))
print('\n')
#10-4 写入文件
with open('10_4.txt','w') as file2:
while 1:
name=input('Plz enter your name(enter 0 to exit):')
if name=='0':
break
else:
print('Hi,',name,'.')
file2.write(name+'\n')
with open('10_4.txt','r') as file2:
contents2=file2.read()
print(contents2)
print('\n')
#10-7 ValueError
while 1:
try:
num1=int(input('Plz enter a number:'))
except ValueError: #这里用的是ValueError,课本所说的TypeError有误
print('Plz enter number but not word!')
continue
try:
num2=int(input('Plz enter another number:'))
except ValueError:
print('Plz enter number but not word!')
continue
print(num1+num2)
print('Enter 1 to continue:')
if input()!='1': break
print('\n')
#10-12
import json
def getNum():
try:
with open('10_12.txt') as file3:
number=json.load(file3)
except FileNotFoundError:
return None
else:
return number
def setNum():
try:
number=int(input('Plz enter your favorite number:'))
except ValueError:
print('You did not enter a number!')
else:
with open('10_12.txt','w') as file3:
json.dump(number,file3)
print('We have save your number!')
def checkNum():
num=getNum()
if num:
print('Your favorite number is ',end='')
print(num)
else:
setNum()
checkNum()
checkNum()
print('\n')
2018/4/8