Spring 架构主要有两大特点:
IOC /DI: 控制反转/依赖注入
AOP 切面编程 .
今天主要是实现IOC这一特点.
主要的逻辑如下:
User 用户类.
UserDAO User类的访问接口.
UserDAOImpl 实现UserDAO 接口以实现拓展.
UserService 包含一系列的用户功能 ,如addUser
关于以上类的代码:
package com.bjsxt.model;
public class User {
private String username;
private String password;
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}
package com.bjsxt.dao;
import com.bjsxt.model.User;
public interface UserDAO {
public void save(User user);
}
package com.bjsxt.dao.impl;
import com.bjsxt.dao.UserDAO;
import com.bjsxt.model.User;
public class UserDAOImpl implements UserDAO {
public void save(User user) {
//Hibernate
//JDBC
//XML
//NetWork
System.out.println("user saved!");
}
}
package com.bjsxt.service;
import com.bjsxt.dao.UserDAO;
import com.bjsxt.model.User;
public class UserService {
private UserDAO userDAO;
public void add(User user) {
userDAO.save(user);
}
public UserDAO getUserDAO() {
return userDAO;
}
public void setUserDAO(UserDAO userDAO) {
this.userDAO = userDAO;
}
}
然后运行test代码
import com.bjsxt.dao.UserDAO;
import com.bjsxt.dao.impl.UserDAOImpl;
import com.bjsxt.model.User;
import com.bjsxt.service.UserService;
import com.bjsxt.spring.BeanFactory;
import com.bjsxt.spring.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception{
UserService service =new UserService();
UserDAO userdao =new UserDAOImpl();
service.setUserDAO(userdao);
User u =new User();
service.add(u);
}
}
注意这里直接用UserDAOImpl() 来代替UserDAO , 也是体现面向对象的灵活性. 比如可以针对不同的数据库设计不同的UserDAOImpl().
为了实现IOC 的装配功能, 比如说我不想在 代码中体现new 的是哪种UserDAO的实现, 而是直接在配置文件中进行设置.
配置文件beans.xml如下:
<beans>
<bean id="u" class="com.bjsxt.dao.impl.UserDAOImpl" />
<bean id="userService" class="com.bjsxt.service.UserService" >
<property name="userDAO" bean="u"/>
</bean>
</beans>
这里可以根据bean 的id userService 找到 所属的UserService类, 在属性userDAO中 ,设置其为id 为 "u"的bean . 而上述文件中的 id 为"u"的bean , 就是UserDAOImp .
当然, 需要借助Factory 接口 和该接口的实现类 ClassPathXmlApplicationContext .
package com.bjsxt.spring;
public interface BeanFactory {
public Object getBean(String id);
}
package com.bjsxt.spring;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.jdom.Document;
import org.jdom.Element;
import org.jdom.input.SAXBuilder;
public class ClassPathXmlApplicationContext implements BeanFactory {
private Map<String , Object> beans = new HashMap<String, Object>();
//IOC Inverse of Control DI Dependency Injection
public ClassPathXmlApplicationContext() throws Exception {
SAXBuilder sb=new SAXBuilder();
Document doc=sb.build(this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("beans.xml")); //构造文档对象
Element root=doc.getRootElement(); //获取根元素HD
List list=root.getChildren("bean");//取名字为bean的所有元素
for(int i=0;i<list.size();i++){
Element element=(Element)list.get(i);
String id=element.getAttributeValue("id");
String clazz=element.getAttributeValue("class");
Object o = Class.forName(clazz).newInstance();
System.out.println(id);
System.out.println(clazz);
beans.put(id, o);
for(Element propertyElement : (List<Element>)element.getChildren("property")) {
String name = propertyElement.getAttributeValue("name"); //userDAO
String bean = propertyElement.getAttributeValue("bean"); //u
Object beanObject = beans.get(bean);//UserDAOImpl instance
String methodName = "set" + name.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() + name.substring(1);
System.out.println("method name = " + methodName);
Method m = o.getClass().getMethod(methodName, beanObject.getClass().getInterfaces()[0]);
m.invoke(o, beanObject);
}
}
}
public Object getBean(String id) {
return beans.get(id);
}
}
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext 利用反射机制, 在构造函数中根据xml文件内容实现装配功能.
新的test函数:
import com.bjsxt.dao.UserDAO;
import com.bjsxt.dao.impl.UserDAOImpl;
import com.bjsxt.model.User;
import com.bjsxt.service.UserService;
import com.bjsxt.spring.BeanFactory;
import com.bjsxt.spring.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception{
BeanFactory factory =new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext();
UserService service =(UserService)factory.getBean("userService");
// UserDAO userdao =new UserDAOImpl();
// service.setUserDAO(userdao);
User u =new User();
service.add(u);
}
}