redhat7安装elasticsearch详解

下载地址，官网https://www.elastic.co/downloads/past-releases，下载自己需要的版本

wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-5.1.1.tar.gz 我安装的是这个版本的，

很多版本的命令行语句是不一样的5的时候是

curl -XGET 'http://192.168.1.155:9200/_snapshot/es_backup?pretty'

到6版本的时候，命令就变了

curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -XGET 'http://192.168.1.155:9200/hunan/_search?pretty' -d '{"query":{"match_all":{ } }}'

多了-H "Content-Type: application/json" 这些东西。千万记住curl是yml表达式，每次空行前都有俩个空格

数据备份和还原，都是先备份数据  snapshot_1这个版本一直往上加，

还原的时候是那个备份的snapshot_1版本，可以不一样，比如备份到了snapshot_4，但是还原还是可以只还原到snapshot_3

我自己还原测试的时候

"ignore_unavailable": "true",
 "include_global_state": false   这俩个选项是可选的不是必选的

首先使用root用户   
1)、新建一个es的用户，保证该用户可使用内存在8GB以上
2)、修改 /etc/sysctl.conf   在文件末尾添加
vm.max_map_count=262144
关闭文件后，在控制台输入：
                sysctl  -p
输出中应该包含vm.max_map_count = 262144
3)、修改 /etc/security/limits.conf，在文件当中修改或在文件末尾添加
* soft nofile 65536
* hard nofile 131072
* soft nproc 2048
* hard nproc 4096
4)、修改/etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf 
修改如下内容：   根据电脑的不同，这个可以不要，
* soft nproc 1024
修改为
* soft nproc 2048

 

下载，解压 tar -zxvf elasticsearch-5.1.1.tar 

创建目录并修改权限

mkdir -vp elasticsearch/backup   递归创建文件夹

chmod 777  /home/elasticsearch/backup

 修改配置文件 elasticsearch.yml

将文件中的这行注释解开，ip改成自己本机的ip
#network.host: 192.168.0.1
如
network.host：192.168.1.155 
在yml文件末尾添加：    /home/elasticsearch/backup是你备份的路径，这个路径需要赋权给其他用户
path.repo: ["/home/elasticsearch/backup"]，

进入bin目录启动 

[root@localhost bin]# ./elasticsearch

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: don't run elasticsearch as root.
at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.initializeNatives(Bootstrap.java:93)
at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.setup(Bootstrap.java:144)
at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.init(Bootstrap.java:285)
at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.main(Elasticsearch.java:35)
Refer to the log for complete error details.

因为版本安全问题，不允许采用root帐号启动，所以我们要添加一个用户。

#添加一个用户：elasticsearch
$useradd elasticsearch
#给用户elasticsearch设置密码，连续输入2次
$passwd elasticsearch
#创建一个用户组 es
groupadd es
#分配 elasticsearch 到 es 组
usermod -G elasticsearch es
#这里注意下，如果提示用户“es”不存在，那么是因为服务器版本问题，你可以换成 usermod -G es elasticsearch ,也就是用户和用户组对调一下使用。
#在elasticsearch 根目录下，给定用户权限。-R表示逐级（N层目录） ， * 表示 任何文件
chown -R elasticsearch.es *
#切换到elasticsearch用户
su elasticsearch

继续启动

[root@localhost bin]# ./elasticsearch

还是会报错，因为权限问题，没有elasticsearch目录的权限

java.io.FileNotFoundException: /home/es/elasticsearch-2.2.0/logs/elasticsearch.log (Permission denied)
at java.io.FileOutputStream.open(Native Method)
at java.io.FileOutputStream.(FileOutputStream.java:221)
at java.io.FileOutputStream.(FileOutputStream.java:142)
at org.apache.log4j.FileAppender.setFile(FileAppender.java:294)
at org.apache.log4j.FileAppender.activateOptions(FileAppender.java:165)
at org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender.activateOptions(DailyRollingFileAppender.java:223)
at org.apache.log4j.config.PropertySetter.activate(PropertySetter.java:307)
at org.apache.log4j.config.PropertySetter.setProperties(PropertySetter.java:172)
at org.apache.log4j.config.PropertySetter.setProperties(PropertySetter.java:104)
at org.apache.log4j.PropertyConfigurator.parseAppender(PropertyConfigurator.java:842)
at org.apache.log4j.PropertyConfigurator.parseCategory(PropertyConfigurator.java:768)
at org.apache.log4j.PropertyConfigurator.configureRootCategory(PropertyConfigurator.java:648)
at org.apache.log4j.PropertyConfigurator.doConfigure(PropertyConfigurator.java:514)
at org.apache.log4j.PropertyConfigurator.configure(PropertyConfigurator.java:440)
at org.elasticsearch.common.logging.log4j.LogConfigurator.configure(LogConfigurator.java:128)
at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.setupLogging(Bootstrap.java:204)
at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.init(Bootstrap.java:258)
at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.main(Elasticsearch.java:35)
log4j:ERROR Either File or DatePattern options are not set for appender [file].
log4j:ERROR setFile(null,true) call failed.

 chmod -R 777 elasticsearch解压目录/

这个是所有人都可以访问，测试环境可以这样玩

上面所有工作做好之后，就可以正常启动elasticsearch了

[es@localhost bin]$ ./elasticsearch
[2019-02-26T16:54:05,081][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] [] initializing ...
[2019-02-26T16:54:05,169][INFO ][o.e.e.NodeEnvironment    ] [YyfBpNP] using [1] data paths, mounts [[/ (rootfs)]], net usable_space [35.7gb], net total_space [49.9gb], spins? [unknown], types [rootfs]
[2019-02-26T16:54:05,170][INFO ][o.e.e.NodeEnvironment    ] [YyfBpNP] heap size [1.9gb], compressed ordinary object pointers [unknown]
[2019-02-26T16:54:05,177][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] node name [YyfBpNP] derived from node ID [YyfBpNPvQ2emrlBvPjQn0Q]; set [node.name] to override
[2019-02-26T16:54:05,179][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] version[5.1.1], pid[26133], build[5395e21/2016-12-06T12:36:15.409Z], OS[Linux/3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64/i386], JVM[Oracle Corporation/Java HotSpot(TM) Server VM/1.8.0_191/25.191-b12]
[2019-02-26T16:54:05,877][INFO ][c.c.m.Dictionary         ] [Dict Loading] chars loaded time=12ms, line=12638, on file=chars.dic
[2019-02-26T16:54:05,878][INFO ][c.c.m.Dictionary         ] [Dict Loading] words loaded time=1ms, line=14, on file=words-my.dic
[2019-02-26T16:54:06,038][INFO ][c.c.m.Dictionary         ] [Dict Loading] words loaded time=160ms, line=157202, on file=words.dic
[2019-02-26T16:54:06,039][INFO ][c.c.m.Dictionary         ] [Dict Loading] unit loaded time=1ms, line=22, on file=units.dic
[2019-02-26T16:54:07,191][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [YyfBpNP] loaded module [aggs-matrix-stats]
[2019-02-26T16:54:07,191][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [YyfBpNP] loaded module [ingest-common]
[2019-02-26T16:54:07,191][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [YyfBpNP] loaded module [lang-expression]
[2019-02-26T16:54:07,192][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [YyfBpNP] loaded module [lang-groovy]
[2019-02-26T16:54:07,192][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [YyfBpNP] loaded module [lang-mustache]
[2019-02-26T16:54:07,192][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [YyfBpNP] loaded module [lang-painless]
[2019-02-26T16:54:07,192][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [YyfBpNP] loaded module [percolator]
[2019-02-26T16:54:07,192][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [YyfBpNP] loaded module [reindex]
[2019-02-26T16:54:07,192][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [YyfBpNP] loaded module [transport-netty3]
[2019-02-26T16:54:07,192][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [YyfBpNP] loaded module [transport-netty4]
[2019-02-26T16:54:07,192][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [YyfBpNP] loaded plugin [analysis-icu]
[2019-02-26T16:54:07,193][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [YyfBpNP] loaded plugin [analysis-ik]
[2019-02-26T16:54:07,193][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [YyfBpNP] loaded plugin [analysis-kuromoji]
[2019-02-26T16:54:07,193][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [YyfBpNP] loaded plugin [analysis-mmseg]
[2019-02-26T16:54:07,193][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [YyfBpNP] loaded plugin [analysis-phonetic]
[2019-02-26T16:54:07,193][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [YyfBpNP] loaded plugin [analysis-pinyin]
[2019-02-26T16:54:07,193][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [YyfBpNP] loaded plugin [analysis-smartcn]
[2019-02-26T16:54:07,193][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [YyfBpNP] loaded plugin [analysis-stconvert]
[2019-02-26T16:54:07,193][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [YyfBpNP] loaded plugin [analysis-stempel]
[2019-02-26T16:54:07,193][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [YyfBpNP] loaded plugin [analysis-ukrainian]
[2019-02-26T16:54:07,193][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [YyfBpNP] loaded plugin [discovery-azure-classic]
[2019-02-26T16:54:07,193][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [YyfBpNP] loaded plugin [discovery-ec2]
[2019-02-26T16:54:07,193][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [YyfBpNP] loaded plugin [discovery-file]
[2019-02-26T16:54:07,193][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [YyfBpNP] loaded plugin [discovery-gce]
[2019-02-26T16:54:07,193][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [YyfBpNP] loaded plugin [ingest-attachment]
[2019-02-26T16:54:07,193][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [YyfBpNP] loaded plugin [ingest-geoip]
[2019-02-26T16:54:07,193][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [YyfBpNP] loaded plugin [ingest-user-agent]
[2019-02-26T16:54:07,194][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [YyfBpNP] loaded plugin [lang-javascript]
[2019-02-26T16:54:07,194][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [YyfBpNP] loaded plugin [lang-python]
[2019-02-26T16:54:07,194][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [YyfBpNP] loaded plugin [mapper-attachments]
[2019-02-26T16:54:07,194][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [YyfBpNP] loaded plugin [mapper-murmur3]
[2019-02-26T16:54:07,194][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [YyfBpNP] loaded plugin [mapper-size]
[2019-02-26T16:54:07,194][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [YyfBpNP] loaded plugin [repository-azure]
[2019-02-26T16:54:07,194][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [YyfBpNP] loaded plugin [repository-gcs]
[2019-02-26T16:54:07,194][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [YyfBpNP] loaded plugin [repository-hdfs]
[2019-02-26T16:54:07,194][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [YyfBpNP] loaded plugin [repository-s3]
[2019-02-26T16:54:07,194][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [YyfBpNP] loaded plugin [sql]
[2019-02-26T16:54:07,194][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [YyfBpNP] loaded plugin [store-smb]
[2019-02-26T16:54:07,346][WARN ][d.m.attachment           ] [mapper-attachments] plugin has been deprecated and will be replaced by [ingest-attachment] plugin.
[2019-02-26T16:54:11,415][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] initialized
[2019-02-26T16:54:11,415][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] [YyfBpNP] starting ...
[2019-02-26T16:54:11,516][INFO ][o.e.t.TransportService   ] [YyfBpNP] publish_address {192.168.1.155:9300}, bound_addresses {192.168.1.155:9300}
[2019-02-26T16:54:11,520][INFO ][o.e.b.BootstrapCheck     ] [YyfBpNP] bound or publishing to a non-loopback or non-link-local address, enforcing bootstrap checks
[2019-02-26T16:54:14,599][INFO ][o.e.c.s.ClusterService   ] [YyfBpNP] new_master {YyfBpNP}{YyfBpNPvQ2emrlBvPjQn0Q}{222l-Si-QC-JQYrnrL3h9Q}{192.168.1.155}{192.168.1.155:9300}, reason: zen-disco-elected-as-master ([0] nodes joined)
[2019-02-26T16:54:14,611][INFO ][o.e.h.HttpServer         ] [YyfBpNP] publish_address {192.168.1.155:9200}, bound_addresses {192.168.1.155:9200}
[2019-02-26T16:54:14,611][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] [YyfBpNP] started
[2019-02-26T16:54:14,663][INFO ][o.w.a.d.Monitor          ] try load config from /usr/local/elasticsearch-rtf-master/elasticsearch-rtf-master/config/analysis-ik/IKAnalyzer.cfg.xml
[2019-02-26T16:54:14,664][INFO ][o.w.a.d.Monitor          ] try load config from /usr/local/elasticsearch-rtf-master/elasticsearch-rtf-master/plugins/analysis-ik/config/IKAnalyzer.cfg.xml
[2019-02-26T16:54:14,891][INFO ][o.w.a.d.Monitor          ] [Dict Loading] custom/mydict.dic
[2019-02-26T16:54:14,891][INFO ][o.w.a.d.Monitor          ] [Dict Loading] custom/single_word_low_freq.dic
[2019-02-26T16:54:14,894][INFO ][o.w.a.d.Monitor          ] [Dict Loading] custom/ext_stopword.dic
[2019-02-26T16:54:15,502][INFO ][o.e.g.GatewayService     ] [YyfBpNP] recovered [1] indices into cluster_state
[2019-02-26T16:54:16,044][INFO ][o.e.c.r.a.AllocationService] [YyfBpNP] Cluster health status changed from [RED] to [YELLOW] (reason: [shards started [[jiangxi][2]] ...]).

在浏览器中访问elasticsearch   其中number就是elasticsearch的版本  

在安装目录的lib包中，有elasticsearch的jar包，也可以查看到elasticsearch的版本

上面这种启动方式。你关闭了命令行窗口，服务就会关闭，是前台启动的，一般的都是使用后台启动的方式，在后面加-d

[root@localhost bin]# ./elasticsearch -d

 使用后台启动，就算你关闭了命令行窗口，服务还是启动的

elasticsearch常用命令    都是在linux命令行输入的命令

下面有换行的是yaml表达式，前面的空格是俩个空格，不是tab键   千万记得，不然会报错

下面有换行的是yaml表达式，前面的空格是俩个空格，不是tab键   千万记得，不然会报错
创建仓库        
在命令行输入命令：
curl -XPUT 'http://192.168.1.155:9200/_snapshot/es_backup' -d  '
{
  "type": "fs",
  "settings": 
  {
    "compress" : "true",
    "location": "/home/elasticsearch/backup"
  }
}'

//查看文档条数
curl -XGET 'http://192.168.1.155:9200/hunan/_search?pretty' -d '{"query":{"match_all":{ } }}'

//查看仓库  在命令行输入
curl -XGET 'http://192.168.1.155:9200/_snapshot/es_backup?pretty'

//备份数据  这里主要新的备份snapshot_1 这个名字要修改，不要一直是最初是的备份文件
curl -XPUT 'http://192.168.1.155:9200/_snapshot/es_backup/snapshot_1' -d '
{
  "indices": "hunan",
  "ignore_unavailable": "true",
  "include_global_state": false,
  "partial": "false"
}'

//查看索引
curl '192.168.1.155:9200/_cat/indices?v'

//备份数据查看
curl -XGET 'http://192.168.1.155:9200/_snapshot/es_backup/snapshot_1'

数据恢复
在命令行输入：
curl  -XPOST 'http://192.168.1.155:9200/_snapshot/es_backup/snapshot_1/_restore'  -d '{
    "indices": "hunan",
    "ignore_unavailable": "true",
    "include_global_state": false
}'

我们通常用用_cat API检测集群是否健康。 确保9200端口号可用:
curl 'localhost:9200/_cat/health?v'