C语言在函数中谨慎使用指针返回值

测试代码

#include <stdio.h>

typedef struct
{
    int num;
    char name[100];
} book;

typedef struct
{
    int num;
    char* name;
} book2;

char *test1()
{
    char hello[100];
    strcpy(hello, "hello, I'am test 1\n");
    printf("test1 hello addr: 0x%X\n", hello);
    return hello;
}

book test2()
{
    book mybook = {.num=1, .name="This is my book1"};
    printf("test2 mybook addr: 0x%X\n", &mybook);
    return mybook;
}


book *test3()
{
    book mybook = {.num=2, .name="This is my book2"};
    printf("test2 mybook addr: 0x%X\n", &mybook);
    return &mybook;
}

book2 test4()
{
    char name[100];
    strcpy(name, "This is my book3");
    book2 mybook = {.num=3, .name=name};
    printf("test4 mybook addr: 0x%X\n", &mybook);
    return mybook;
}



void show_book(const book *book_p)
{
    printf("book_num: %d, book_name: %s\n", book_p->num, book_p->name);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    book2 mybook2 = test4();
    printf("sizeof mybook2: %ld\n", sizeof(mybook2));
    printf("mybook2_num: %d, mybook2_name: %s\n", mybook2.num, mybook2.name);

    char* hello_p = test1();
    printf("main hello_p: 0x%X\n", hello_p);

    book mybook = test2();
    printf("main mybook addr: 0x%X\n\n", &mybook);

    book* book_p = test3();
    printf("main book_p: 0x%X\n", book_p);

    printf("sizeof book: %ld\n", sizeof(book));
    printf("sizeof book2: %ld\n", sizeof(book2));

    printf("sizeof mybook2: %ld\n", sizeof(mybook2));
    printf("mybook2_num: %d, mybook2_name: %s\n", mybook2.num, mybook2.name);
    
    printf("hello val: %s\n", hello_p);
    show_book(&mybook);
    show_book(book_p);
    return 0;
}

运行结果

思考

1. 指针不保证指向内容
2. 观察mybook地址，函数返回变量时执行复制，被调用函数内的局部变量自动释放
3. 需要函数返回结构体时，定义结构体时尽量避免使用指针
   例如如下定义，获得函数结构体返回时容易埋下炸弹，结构体复制时仅仅复制了name指针对其指向的内容不能保证，同时可以看出在结构体里指针和数组不是同一回事，book1初始化时会为name分配空间，book2只会分配指针变量的存储空间

typedef struct
{
    int num;
    char name[100];
} book;
typedef struct
{
    int num;
    char* name;
} book2;

printf("sizeof book1: %ld\n", sizeof(book));
printf("sizeof book2: %ld\n", sizeof(book2));