Windows NT/2000更改IP地址不需要重新启动就可以生效的方法探索

设置IP地址只需要更改注册表中关于适配器的相应设置，但更改后需要重新启动系统才能生效，而AddIPAddress函数只能添加IP而不是更改当前的IP，我们在Windows NT/2000界面上操作不需要重新启动就可以生效，那系统到底做了什么额外的工作才使IP设置直接生效呢？笔者通过跟踪explorer.exe中API的调用发现在netcfgx.dll中调用了dhcpcsvc.dll中一个未公开的API:DhcpNotifyConfigChange，现将不重新启动WINDOWS直接更改IP地址的详细方法介绍如下：

一、获取适配器名称

这里指的适配器名称要区别于适配器描述，比如我的一块网卡，适配器描述是：Realtek RTL8139(A) PCI Fast Ethernet Adapter，适配器名称为：{66156DC3-44A4-434C-B8A9-0E5DB4B3EEAD}。获取适配器名称的方法有多种：

1.1 调用IP helper API取得适配器名称

ULONG ulAdapterInfoSize = sizeof(IP_ADAPTER_INFO);
IP_ADAPTER_INFO *pAdapterInfoBkp, *pAdapterInfo = (IP_ADAPTER_INFO*)new char[ulAdapterInfoSize];
if( GetAdaptersInfo(pAdapterInfo, &ulAdapterInfoSize) == ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW ) // 缓冲区不够大
{
    delete pAdapterInfo;
    pAdapterInfo = (IP_ADAPTER_INFO*)new char[ulAdapterInfoSize];
    pAdapterInfoBkp = pAdapterInfo;
}
if( GetAdaptersInfo(pAdapterInfo, &ulAdapterInfoSize) == ERROR_SUCCESS )
{
    do{ // 遍历所有适配器
        if(pAdapterInfo->Type == MIB_IF_TYPE_ETHERNET)    // 判断是否为以太网接口
        {
            // pAdapterInfo->Description 是适配器描述
            // pAdapterInfo->AdapterName 是适配器名称
        }
        pAdapterInfo = pAdapterInfo->Next;
    }while(pAdapterInfo);
}
delete pAdapterInfoBkp;

1.2 读取注册表取得适配器名称

在Windows2000中可以通过遍历 HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/System/CurrentControlSet/Control/Class/{4d36e972-e325-11ce-bfc1-08002be10318}/000n/ (n是从0开始编号的数字)所有接口, 在Windows NT中可以读取HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SOFTWARE/Microsoft/Windows NT/CurrentVersion/NetworkCards中的信息，下面以Windows2000为例： HKEY hKey, hSubKey, hNdiIntKey;

if(RegOpenKeyEx(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
            "System//CurrentControlSet//Control//Class//{4d36e972-e325-11ce-bfc1-08002be10318}",
            0,
            KEY_READ,
            &hKey) != ERROR_SUCCESS)
    return FALSE;

DWORD dwIndex = 0;
DWORD dwBufSize = 256;
DWORD dwDataType;
char szSubKey[256];
unsigned char szData[256];

while(RegEnumKeyEx(hKey, dwIndex++, szSubKey, &dwBufSize, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL) == ERROR_SUCCESS)
{
    if(RegOpenKeyEx(hKey, szSubKey, 0, KEY_READ, &hSubKey) == ERROR_SUCCESS)
    {        
        if(RegOpenKeyEx(hSubKey, "Ndi//Interfaces", 0, KEY_READ, &hNdiIntKey) == ERROR_SUCCESS)
        {
            dwBufSize = 256;
            if(RegQueryValueEx(hNdiIntKey, "LowerRange", 0, &dwDataType, szData, &dwBufSize) == ERROR_SUCCESS)
            {
                if(strcmp((char*)szData, "ethernet") == 0)        //    判断是不是以太网卡
                {
                    dwBufSize = 256;
                    if(RegQueryValueEx(hSubKey, "DriverDesc", 0, &dwDataType, szData, &dwBufSize) == ERROR_SUCCESS)
                    {
                        // szData 中便是适配器详细描述
                        dwBufSize = 256;
                        if(RegQueryValueEx(hSubKey, "NetCfgInstanceID", 0, &dwDataType, szData, &dwBufSize) == ERROR_SUCCESS)
                        {
                            // szData 中便是适配器名称
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            RegCloseKey(hNdiIntKey);
        }
        RegCloseKey(hSubKey);
    }

    dwBufSize = 256;
}    /* end of while */
        
RegCloseKey(hKey);
二、将IP信息写入注册表

代码如下:BOOL RegSetIP(LPCTSTR lpszAdapterName, LPCTSTR pIPAddress, LPCTSTR pNetMask, LPCTSTR pNetGate)
{
    HKEY hKey;
    string strKeyName = "SYSTEM//CurrentControlSet//Services//Tcpip//Parameters//Interfaces//";
    strKeyName += lpszAdapterName;
    if(RegOpenKeyEx(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
                strKeyName.c_str(),
                0,
                KEY_WRITE,
                &hKey) != ERROR_SUCCESS)
        return FALSE;
    
    char mszIPAddress[100];
    char mszNetMask[100];
    char mszNetGate[100];

    strncpy(mszIPAddress, pIPAddress, 98);
    strncpy(mszNetMask, pNetMask, 98);
    strncpy(mszNetGate, pNetGate, 98);

    int nIP, nMask, nGate;

    nIP = strlen(mszIPAddress);
    nMask = strlen(mszNetMask);
    nGate = strlen(mszNetGate);

    *(mszIPAddress + nIP + 1) = 0x00;    // REG_MULTI_SZ数据需要在后面再加个0
    nIP += 2;

    *(mszNetMask + nMask + 1) = 0x00;
    nMask += 2;

    *(mszNetGate + nGate + 1) = 0x00;
    nGate += 2;
    
    RegSetValueEx(hKey, "IPAddress", 0, REG_MULTI_SZ, (unsigned char*)mszIPAddress, nIP);
    RegSetValueEx(hKey, "SubnetMask", 0, REG_MULTI_SZ, (unsigned char*)mszNetMask, nMask);
    RegSetValueEx(hKey, "DefaultGateway", 0, REG_MULTI_SZ, (unsigned char*)mszNetGate, nGate);

    RegCloseKey(hKey);

    return TRUE;
}

三、调用DhcpNotifyConfigChange通知配置的改变

未公开函数DhcpNotifyConfigChange位于 dhcpcsvc.dll中，原型如下: BOOL DhcpNotifyConfigChange(
    LPWSTR lpwszServerName, // 本地机器为NULL
    LPWSTR lpwszAdapterName, // 适配器名称
    BOOL bNewIpAddress, // TRUE表示更改IP
    DWORD dwIpIndex, // 指明第几个IP地址，如果只有该接口只有一个IP地址则为0
    DWORD dwIpAddress, // IP地址
    DWORD dwSubNetMask, // 子网掩码
    int nDhcpAction ); // 对DHCP的操作 0:不修改, 1:启用 DHCP，2:禁用 DHCP

具体调用代码如下： BOOL NotifyIPChange(LPCTSTR lpszAdapterName, int nIndex, LPCTSTR pIPAddress, LPCTSTR pNetMask)
{
    BOOL            bResult = FALSE;
    HINSTANCE        hDhcpDll;
    DHCPNOTIFYPROC    pDhcpNotifyProc;
    WCHAR wcAdapterName[256];
    
    MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, lpszAdapterName, -1, wcAdapterName,256);

    if((hDhcpDll = LoadLibrary("dhcpcsvc")) == NULL)
        return FALSE;

    if((pDhcpNotifyProc = (DHCPNOTIFYPROC)GetProcAddress(hDhcpDll, "DhcpNotifyConfigChange")) != NULL)
        if((pDhcpNotifyProc)(NULL, wcAdapterName, TRUE, nIndex, inet_addr(pIPAddress), inet_addr(pNetMask), 0) == ERROR_SUCCESS)
            bResult = TRUE;

    FreeLibrary(hDhcpDll);
    return bResult;
}