同时查询最大最小值的效率问题

有时候我们需要同时查询一部分数据中的最大和最小值，如何才能最快取得我们要的结果呢？

我们知道索引已经对数据进行了排序，所以这时走索引效率是最高的，下面看一个例子

--在一个有将近两百万数据的表中创建日期索引，需要同时取出日期的最大值和最小值：

SQL> select COUNT(*) from USER_OBJECTS_TMP t;
 
  COUNT(*)
----------
   1933312

CREATE INDEX user_objects_create_dt ON user_objects_tmp(created) TABLESPACE tbs_lubinsu_idx;

SQL> desc user_objects_tmp
Name           Type          Nullable Default Comments 
-------------- ------------- -------- ------- -------- 
OBJECT_NAME    VARCHAR2(128) Y                         
SUBOBJECT_NAME VARCHAR2(30)  Y                         
OBJECT_ID      NUMBER        Y                         
DATA_OBJECT_ID NUMBER        Y                         
OBJECT_TYPE    VARCHAR2(19)  Y                         
CREATED        DATE          Y                         
LAST_DDL_TIME  DATE          Y                         
TIMESTAMP      VARCHAR2(19)  Y                         
STATUS         VARCHAR2(7)   Y                         
TEMPORARY      VARCHAR2(1)   Y                         
GENERATED      VARCHAR2(1)   Y                         
SECONDARY      VARCHAR2(1)   Y                         ;

--在CREATED字段创建了索引，如果直接使用MAX和MIN函数来获取最大最小值，如下所示：
--消耗时间：Elapsed: 00:00:00.54，从执行计划我们可以看出改语句并没有走索引，因为这里没有指定谓词。

SQL> set timing on
SQL> set autotrace traceonly
SQL> set linesize 200  
SQL> SELECT MIN(created), MAX(created) AS MIN FROM user_objects_tmp;

Elapsed: 00:00:00.54

Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 3066201300

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation          | Name             | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT   |                  |     1 |     9 |  1718   (4)| 00:00:21 |
|   1 |  SORT AGGREGATE    |                  |     1 |     9 |            |          |
|   2 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL| USER_OBJECTS_TMP |  1600K|    13M|  1718   (4)| 00:00:21 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Note
-----
   - dynamic sampling used for this statement


Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
          5  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
       8639  consistent gets
        659  physical reads
          0  redo size
        481  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        385  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
          1  rows processed

--如果指定谓词之后，则结果如下，并没有因此而提高效率，
--因为同时指定最大MAX最小MIN值并不能走索引的 INDEX FULL SCAN (MIN/MAX) 扫描，
--对于INDEX FAST FULL SCAN的读取方式是：从段头开始，读取包含位图块，ROOT BLOCK，所有的BRANCH BLOCK，LEAF BLOCK，
--读取的顺序完全有物理存储位置决定，并采取多块读，每次读取DB_FILE_MULTIBLOCK_READ_COUNT个块。
--查询某个表记录总数的时候，往往基于PRIMARY KEY的INDEX FAST FULL SCAN是最有效的，但是在这里并不是最合适的。
--INDEX FULL SCAN的读取方式是：先定位到索引树的根节点，然后分支，再读取叶子节点，根据叶子节点的双向链表顺序读取，
--这种读取方式是顺序的并且也是经过排序的，所以我们希望走这种方式：

SQL> SELECT MIN(created), MAX(created) AS MIN FROM user_objects_tmp a WHERE a.created IS NOT NULL;


Elapsed: 00:00:00.62

Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 3784617757

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation             | Name                   | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT      |                        |     1 |     9 |  1661   (1)| 00:00:20 |
|   1 |  SORT AGGREGATE       |                        |     1 |     9 |            |          |
|*  2 |   INDEX FAST FULL SCAN| USER_OBJECTS_CREATE_DT |  1600K|    13M|  1661   (1)| 00:00:20 |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   2 - filter("A"."CREATED" IS NOT NULL)

Note
-----
   - dynamic sampling used for this statement


Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
          5  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
       8647  consistent gets
        267  physical reads
          0  redo size
        481  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        385  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
          1  rows processed

--既然放在一起查询不行，我们将两个函数分开来做：
--分别让其走索引的全表扫描：
--执行时间:Elapsed: 00:00:00.10

SQL> SELECT MIN, MAX
  2  FROM   (SELECT MIN(created) AS MIN FROM user_objects_tmp) a,
  3         (SELECT MAX(created) AS MAX FROM user_objects_tmp) b;

Elapsed: 00:00:00.10

Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 4210122108

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation                    | Name                   | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT             |                        |     1 |    18 |  3437   (4)| 00:00:42 |
|   1 |  NESTED LOOPS                |                        |     1 |    18 |  3437   (4)| 00:00:42 |
|   2 |   VIEW                       |                        |     1 |     9 |  1718   (4)| 00:00:21 |
|   3 |    SORT AGGREGATE            |                        |     1 |     9 |            |          |
|   4 |     INDEX FULL SCAN (MIN/MAX)| USER_OBJECTS_CREATE_DT |  1600K|    13M|            |          |
|   5 |   VIEW                       |                        |     1 |     9 |  1718   (4)| 00:00:21 |
|   6 |    SORT AGGREGATE            |                        |     1 |     9 |            |          |
|   7 |     INDEX FULL SCAN (MIN/MAX)| USER_OBJECTS_CREATE_DT |  1600K|    13M|            |          |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Note
-----
   - dynamic sampling used for this statement


Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
        195  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
        159  consistent gets
         72  physical reads
          0  redo size
        472  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        385  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          5  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
          1  rows processed


--可见，这种情况效率是最高的
SELECT MIN, MAX
FROM   (SELECT MIN(created) AS MIN FROM user_objects_tmp) a,
       (SELECT MAX(created) AS MAX FROM user_objects_tmp) b;