分布式命名服务
zookeeper的命名服务有两个应用方向,一个是提供类似JNDI的功能,利用zookeepeer的树型分层结构,可以把系统中各种服务的名称、地址以及目录信息存放在zookeeper,需要的时候去zookeeper中读取。
另一个,是利用zookeeper顺序节点的特性,制作分布式的ID生成器,写过数据库应用的朋友都知道,我们在往数据库表中插入记录时,通常需要为该记录创建唯一的ID,在单机环境中我们可以利用数据库的主键自增功能。但在分布式环境则无法使用,有一种方式可以使用UUID,但是它的缺陷是没有规律,很难理解。利用zookeeper顺序节点的特性,我们可以生成有顺序的,容易理解的,同时支持分布式环境的序列号。
代码实现
public class IdMaker {
private ZkClient client = null;
private final String server;
// zookeeper顺序节点的父节点
private final String root;
// 顺序节点的名称
private final String nodeName;
// 标识当前服务是否正在运行
private volatile boolean running = false;
private ExecutorService cleanExector = null;
public enum RemoveMethod {
NONE, IMMEDIATELY, DELAY
}
public IdMaker(String zkServer, String root, String nodeName) {
this.root = root;
this.server = zkServer;
this.nodeName = nodeName;
}
// 启动服务
public void start() throws Exception {
if (running)
throw new Exception("server has stated...");
running = true;
init();
}
// 停止服务
public void stop() throws Exception {
if (!running)
throw new Exception("server has stopped...");
running = false;
freeResource();
}
// 初始化服务资源
private void init() {
client = new ZkClient(server, 5000, 5000, new BytesPushThroughSerializer());
cleanExector = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
try {
client.createPersistent(root, true);
} catch (ZkNodeExistsException e) {
//ignore;
}
}
// 释放服务器资源
private void freeResource() {
// 释放线程池
cleanExector.shutdown();
try {
cleanExector.awaitTermination(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
cleanExector = null;
}
if (client != null) {
client.close();
client = null;
}
}
// 检测当前服务是否正在运行
private void checkRunning() throws Exception {
if (!running)
throw new Exception("请先调用start");
}
// 从顺序节点名中提取我们要的ID值
private String ExtractId(String str) {
int index = str.lastIndexOf(nodeName);
if (index >= 0) {
index += nodeName.length();
return index <= str.length() ? str.substring(index) : "";
}
return str;
}
// 生成ID
public String generateId(RemoveMethod removeMethod) throws Exception {
checkRunning();
// 构造顺序节点的完整路径
final String fullNodePath = root.concat("/").concat(nodeName);
// 创建持久化顺序节点
final String ourPath = client.createPersistentSequential(fullNodePath, null);
// 避免zookeeper的顺序节点暴增,直接删除掉刚创建的顺序节点
if (removeMethod.equals(RemoveMethod.IMMEDIATELY)) { // 立即删除
client.delete(ourPath);
} else if (removeMethod.equals(RemoveMethod.DELAY)) { // 延迟删除
cleanExector.execute(new Runnable() { // 用线程池执行删除,让generateId()方法尽快返回
public void run() {
client.delete(ourPath);
}
});
}
//node-0000000000, node-0000000001
return ExtractId(ourPath);
}
}
public class TestIdMaker {
private static final String ZOOKEEPER_SERVER = "192.168.0.101:2181";
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
IdMaker idMaker = new IdMaker(ZOOKEEPER_SERVER,
"/NameService/IdGen", "ID");
idMaker.start();
try {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
String id = idMaker.generateId(IdMaker.RemoveMethod.DELAY);
System.out.println(id);
}
} finally {
idMaker.stop();
}
}
}