Android系统提供了MediaScanner,MediaProvider,MediaStore等接口,并且提供了一套数据库表格。当手机开机或者有SD卡插拔等事件发生时,系统将会自动扫描SD卡和手机内存上的媒体文件,如audio,video,图片等,将相应的信息放到定义好的数据库表格中。在这个程序中,我们不需要关心如何去扫描手机中的文件,只要了解如何查询和使用这些信息就可以了。
MediaStore中定义了一系列的数据表格,通过ContentResolver提供的查询接口,我们可以得到各种需要的信息。下面我们重点介绍查询SD卡上的音乐文件信息。
先来了解一下ContentResolver的查询接口:
Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder);
Uri:指明要查询的数据库名称加上表的名称,从MediaStore中我们可以找到相应信息的参数
Projection: 指定查询数据库表中的哪几列,返回的游标中将包括相应的信息。Null则返回所有信息。
selection: 指定查询条件
selectionArgs:参数selection里有 ?这个符号是,这里可以以实际值代替这个问号。如果selection这个没有?的话,那么这个String数组可以为null。
SortOrder:指定查询结果的排列顺序
下面的命令将返回所有在外部存储卡上的音乐文件的信息:
Cursor cursor = query(MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, null, null, null, MediaStore.Audio.Media.DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER);
得到cursor后,我们可以调用Cursor的相关方法具体的音乐信息:
歌曲ID:MediaStore.Audio.Media._ID
Int id = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Audio.Media._ID));
歌曲的名称 :MediaStore.Audio.Media.TITL
String tilte = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Audio.Media.TITLE));
歌曲的专辑名:MediaStore.Audio.Media.ALBUM
String album = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Audio.Media.ALBUM));
歌曲的歌手名: MediaStore.Audio.Media.ARTIST
String artist = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Audio.Media.ARTIST));
歌曲文件的全路径 :MediaStore.Audio.Media.DATA
String url = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Audio.Media.DATA));
歌曲文件的名称:MediaStroe.Audio.Media.DISPLAY_NAME
String display_name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Audio.Media.DISPLAY_NAME));
歌曲文件的发行日期:MediaStore.Audio.Media.YEAR
String year = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Audio.Media.YEAR));
歌曲的总播放时长 :MediaStore.Audio.Media.DURATION
Int duration = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Audio.Media.DURATION));
歌曲文件的大小 :MediaStore.Audio.Media.SIZE
Int size = cursor.getLong(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Audio.Media.SIZE));
其中图片的保存路径在另一个数据库中,需要根据专辑id 进行查询
String[] projection = {MediaStore.Audio.Albums.ALBUM_ART};
String imagePath = null;
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://media" + MediaStore.Audio.Albums.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI.getPath() + "/" + albumId);
Cursor cur = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, null, null, null);
if (cur == null) {
return null;
}
if (cur.getCount() > 0 && cur.getColumnCount() > 0) {
cur.moveToNext();
imagePath = cur.getString(0);
}
cur.close();
完整代码
/**
* Project: MusicPlayer
* Created by Zdd on 2018/2/2.
*/
public class MediaManager {
private HashSet<SongInfo> songs;
private static volatile MediaManager MEDIAMANAGER;
private MediaManager() {
}
//传入 Application Context
public static MediaManager getInstance() {
if (MEDIAMANAGER == null) {
synchronized (MediaManager.class) {
if (MEDIAMANAGER == null)
MEDIAMANAGER = new MediaManager();
}
}
return MEDIAMANAGER;
}
public HashSet<SongInfo> refreshData(Context context) {
if (null == songs) {
songs = new HashSet<>();
} else {
songs.clear();
}
Cursor cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, null, null,
null, null);
if (cursor == null) {
return songs;
}
while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
SongInfo song = new SongInfo();
song.setAlbum_id(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(SongInfo.ALBUM_ID)));
song.setAlbum_path(getAlbumArtPicPath(context, song.getAlbum_id()));
song.setTitle_key(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(SongInfo.TITLE_KEY)));
song.setArtist_key(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(SongInfo.ARTIST_KEY)));
song.setAlbum_key(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(SongInfo.ALBUM_KEY)));
song.setArtist(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(SongInfo.ARTIST)));
song.setAlbum(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(SongInfo.ALBUM)));
song.setData(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(SongInfo.DATA)));
song.setDisplay_name(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(SongInfo.DISPLAY_NAME)));
song.setTitle(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(SongInfo.TITLE)));
song.setMime_type(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(SongInfo.MIME_TYPE)));
song.setYear(cursor.getLong(cursor.getColumnIndex(SongInfo.YEAR)));
song.setDuration(cursor.getLong(cursor.getColumnIndex(SongInfo.DURATION)));
song.setSize(cursor.getLong(cursor.getColumnIndex(SongInfo.SIZE)));
song.setDate_added(cursor.getLong(cursor.getColumnIndex(SongInfo.DATE_ADDED)));
song.setDate_modified(cursor.getLong(cursor.getColumnIndex(SongInfo.DATE_MODIFIED)));
songs.add(song);
}
cursor.close();
return songs;
}
//根据专辑 id 获得专辑图片保存路径
private synchronized String getAlbumArtPicPath(Context context, String albumId) {
// 小米应用商店检测crash ,错误信息:[31188,0,com.duan.musicoco,13155908,java.lang.IllegalStateException,Unknown URL: content://media/external/audio/albums/null,Parcel.java,1548]
if (!StringUtils.isReal(albumId)) {
return null;
}
String[] projection = {MediaStore.Audio.Albums.ALBUM_ART};
String imagePath = null;
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://media" + MediaStore.Audio.Albums.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI.getPath() + "/" + albumId);
Cursor cur = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, null, null, null);
if (cur == null) {
return null;
}
if (cur.getCount() > 0 && cur.getColumnCount() > 0) {
cur.moveToNext();
imagePath = cur.getString(0);
}
cur.close();
return imagePath;
}
/**
* 获取歌曲信息
*
* @param context
* @param song
* @return
*/
public SongInfo getSongInfo(Context context, Song song) {
check(context);
SongInfo info = null;
for (SongInfo s :
songs) {
info = s;
if (info.getData().equals(song.path)) {// 对于同一首歌的路径是相同的
break;
}
}
return info;
}
/**
* 根据歌曲存放路径 获取歌曲信息
*
* @param context
* @param path
* @return
*/
public SongInfo getSongInfo(Context context, String path) {
return getSongInfo(context, new Song(path));
}
/**
* 获取歌曲列表
*
* @param context
* @return
*/
public List<Song> getSongList(Context context) {
check(context);
List<Song> songInfos = new ArrayList<>();
for (SongInfo s :
songs) {
songInfos.add(new Song(s.getData()));
}
return songInfos;
}
/**
* 获取歌曲信息列表
*
* @param context
* @return
*/
public List<SongInfo> getSongInfoList(Context context) {
check(context);
List<SongInfo> songInfos = new ArrayList<>();
for (SongInfo song : songs) {
songInfos.add(song);
}
return songInfos;
}
private void check(Context context) {
if (songs == null)
refreshData(context);
}
/**
* 扫描sd卡
*
* @param context
* @param listener
*/
public void scanSdCard(Context context, MediaScannerConnection.OnScanCompletedListener listener) {
MediaScannerConnection.scanFile(context, new String[]{
Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath()
}, null, listener);
}
/**
* 检查媒体库是否为空
*
* @param context
* @param refresh
* @return
*/
public boolean emptyMediaLibrary(Context context, boolean refresh) {
if (refresh) {
refreshData(context);
} else {
check(context);
}
if (songs.size() == 0) {
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
}