Unique Binary Search Trees (leetcode)

Given n, how many structurally unique BST's (binary search trees) that store values 1...n?

For example,
Given n = 3, there are a total of 5 unique BST's.

   1         3     3      2      1
    \       /     /      / \      \
     3     2     1      1   3      2
    /     /       \                 \
   2     1         2                 3

https://oj.leetcode.com/problems/unique-binary-search-trees/

使用动态规划的方法解决:

用tree_num保存n个节点的二叉树个数，对于n个节点的二叉树，有如下公式

tree_num[n] = tree_num[0] * tree_num[n - 1] + tree_num[1] * tree_num[n - 2] + ...+  tree_num[n-2] * tree_num[1] + tree_num[n - 1] *tree_num[0]

1> 使用数组tree_num[] 保存n个节点的二叉树个数，依次计算 tree_num[1], tree_num[2], tree_num[3] ..... tree_num[n]的二叉树个数：

      最后删除数组 tree_num, 返回结果。

     时间复杂度 O(n * n)

     空间复杂度 O(n)

class Solution {
public:
    int numTrees(int n) {
        //tree_num[n] = tree_num[0] * tree_num[n - 1] + tree_num[1] * tree_num[n - 2] + ...+ 
        //              tree_num[n-2] * tree_num[1] + tree_num[n - 1] *tree_num[0]
        if (n < 3) {
			return n;
		}
		int *tree_num = new int[n + 1];

		tree_num[0] = 1;
		tree_num[1] = 1;
		tree_num[2] = 2;

		for (int i = 3; i <= n; ++i) {
			tree_num[i] = 0;
			for (int j = 0; j < i; ++j) {
				tree_num[i] += tree_num[j] * tree_num[i - 1 - j];
			}
		}
		int retval = tree_num[n];
		delete [] tree_num;
		return retval;
    }
};

2> 使用 vector 代替 tree_num[] 数组.

 

class Solution {
public:
    int numTrees(int n) {
        //tree_num[n] = tree_num[0] * tree_num[n - 1] + tree_num[1] * tree_num[n - 2] + ...+ 
        //              tree_num[n-2] * tree_num[1] + tree_num[n - 1] *tree_num[0]
        if (n < 3) {
			return n;
		}

        std::vector<int> tree_num(n + 1, 0); // n + 1 ints with value 0
		tree_num[0] = 1;  // with zero node
		tree_num[1] = 1;  // with one node 
		tree_num[2] = 2;  // with two nodes

		for (int i = 3; i <= n; ++i) {
			for (int j = 0; j < i; ++j) {
				tree_num[i] += tree_num[j] * tree_num[i - 1 - j];
			}
		}
		return  tree_num[n];
    }
};