第一章-并发编程的挑战

P2

public class Main {

    private static final long count = 10001;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException{
        concurrency();
        serial();
    }

    private static void concurrency() throws InterruptedException{
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                int a = 0;
                for(long i = 0; i < count; i++){
                    a += 5;
                }
            }
        });
        thread.start();
        int b = 0;
        for(long i = 0; i < count; i++){
            b--;
        }
        thread.join();
        long time = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
        System.out.println("concurrency :" + time + "ms, b = " + b);
    }

    private static void serial(){
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        int a = 0;
        for(long i = 0; i < count; i++){
            a += 5;
        }
        int b = 0;
        for(long i = 0; i < count; i++){
            b--;
        }
        long time = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
        System.out.println("serial :" + time + "ms, b = " + b + ", a = " + a);
    }
}

测试结果：

count	concurrency/ms	serial/ms
10001	10	0
100001	0	0
1000001	6	7
10000001	13	16
100000001	50	90

结论：线程有创建和上下文切换的开销，所以count较小时并发执行的速度会比串行慢。

Thread 的 join()方法：

    /**
     * Waits at most {@code millis} milliseconds for this thread to
     * die. A timeout of {@code 0} means to wait forever.
     *
     * <p> This implementation uses a loop of {@code this.wait} calls
     * conditioned on {@code this.isAlive}. As a thread terminates the
     * {@code this.notifyAll} method is invoked. It is recommended that
     * applications not use {@code wait}, {@code notify}, or
     * {@code notifyAll} on {@code Thread} instances.
     *
     * @param  millis
     *         the time to wait in milliseconds
     *
     * @throws  IllegalArgumentException
     *          if the value of {@code millis} is negative
     *
     * @throws  InterruptedException
     *          if any thread has interrupted the current thread. The
     *          <i>interrupted status</i> of the current thread is
     *          cleared when this exception is thrown.
     */
    public final synchronized void join(long millis)
    throws InterruptedException {
        long base = System.currentTimeMillis();
        long now = 0;

        if (millis < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("timeout value is negative");
        }

        if (millis == 0) {
            while (isAlive()) {
                wait(0);
            }
        } else {
            while (isAlive()) {
                long delay = millis - now;
                if (delay <= 0) {
                    break;
                }
                wait(delay);
                now = System.currentTimeMillis() - base;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Waits at most {@code millis} milliseconds plus
     * {@code nanos} nanoseconds for this thread to die.
     *
     * <p> This implementation uses a loop of {@code this.wait} calls
     * conditioned on {@code this.isAlive}. As a thread terminates the
     * {@code this.notifyAll} method is invoked. It is recommended that
     * applications not use {@code wait}, {@code notify}, or
     * {@code notifyAll} on {@code Thread} instances.
     *
     * @param  millis
     *         the time to wait in milliseconds
     *
     * @param  nanos
     *         {@code 0-999999} additional nanoseconds to wait
     *
     * @throws  IllegalArgumentException
     *          if the value of {@code millis} is negative, or the value
     *          of {@code nanos} is not in the range {@code 0-999999}
     *
     * @throws  InterruptedException
     *          if any thread has interrupted the current thread. The
     *          <i>interrupted status</i> of the current thread is
     *          cleared when this exception is thrown.
     */
    public final synchronized void join(long millis, int nanos)
    throws InterruptedException {

        if (millis < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("timeout value is negative");
        }

        if (nanos < 0 || nanos > 999999) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                                "nanosecond timeout value out of range");
        }

        if (nanos >= 500000 || (nanos != 0 && millis == 0)) {
            millis++;
        }

        join(millis);
    }

    /**
     * Waits for this thread to die.
     *
     * <p> An invocation of this method behaves in exactly the same
     * way as the invocation
     *
     * <blockquote>
     * {@linkplain #join(long) join}{@code (0)}
     * </blockquote>
     *
     * @throws  InterruptedException
     *          if any thread has interrupted the current thread. The
     *          <i>interrupted status</i> of the current thread is
     *          cleared when this exception is thrown.
     */
    public final void join() throws InterruptedException {
        join(0);
    }