Android中measure过程、WRAP_CONTENT详解以及xml布局文件解析流程浅析(上)

转载出处:http://blog.csdn.net/qinjuning/article/details/8051811


在之前一篇博文中<< Android中View绘制流程以及invalidate()等相关方法分析>>,简单的阐述 了Android View 

  绘制流程的三个步骤,即:

                      1、  measure过程 --- 测量过程

                      2、 layout 过程     --- 布局过程
                      3、 draw 过程      --- 绘制过程


要想对Android 中View这块深入理解,对这三个步骤地学习是必不可少的 。

今天,我着重讲解下如下三个内容:

            1、 measure过程

            2、WRAP_CONTENT、MATCH_PARENT/FILL_PARENT属性的原理说明

            3、xml布局文件解析成View树的流程分析。


希望对大家能有帮助。- -  分析版本基于Android 2.3 

1、WRAP_CONTENT、MATCH_PARENT/FILL_PARENT 


初入Android殿堂的同学们,对这三个属性一定又爱又恨。爱的是使用起来挺爽地---照葫芦画瓢即可,恨的

  却是时常混淆这几个属性地意义,需要三思而后行。在带着大家重温下这几个属性的用法吧(希望我没有啰嗦)。


这三个属性都用来适应视图的水平或垂直大小,一个以视图的内容或尺寸为基础的布局比精确地指定视图范围

  更加方便。


 ①  fill_parent

                设置一个视图的布局为fill_parent将强制性地使视图扩展至父元素大小。

        ② match_parent

               Android 中match_parent和fill_parent意思一样,但match_parent更贴切,于是从2.2开始两个词都可以

          用,但2.3版本后建议使用match_parent。

③ wrap_content

              自适应大小,强制性地使视图扩展以便显示其全部内容。以TextView和ImageView控件为例,设置为

         wrap_content将完整显示其内部的文本和图像。布局元素将根据内容更改大小。


可不要重复造轮子,以上摘自<<Android fill_parent、wrap_content和match_parent的区别>>


      当然,我们可以设置View的确切宽高,而不是由以上属性指定。


android:layout_weight="wrap_content"   //自适应大小  
android:layout_weight="match_parent"   //与父视图等高  
android:layout_weight="fill_parent"    //与父视图等高  
android:layout_weight="100dip"         //精确设置高度值为 100dip  

接下来,我们需要转换下视角,看看ViewGroup.LayoutParams类及其派生类。


2、ViewGroup.LayoutParams类及其派生类


2.1、  ViewGroup.LayoutParams类说明

Android API中如下介绍:

                LayoutParams are used by views to tell their parents how they want to be laid out.


     意思大概是说: View通过LayoutParams类告诉其父视图它想要地大小(即,长度和宽度)。

因此,每个View都包含一个ViewGroup.LayoutParams类或者其派生类,View类依赖于ViewGroup.LayoutParams。

        路径:frameworks\base\core\java\android\view\View.java

public class View implements Drawable.Callback, KeyEvent.Callback, AccessibilityEventSource {  
  ...  
  /** 
   * The layout parameters associated with this view and used by the parent 
   * {@link android.view.ViewGroup} to determine how this view should be 
   * laid out. 
   * {@hide} 
   */  
  //该View拥有的 LayoutParams属性,父试图添加该View时,会为其赋值,特别注意,其类型为ViewGroup.LayoutParams。  
  protected ViewGroup.LayoutParams mLayoutParams;    
  ...  
}  

 2.2、  ViewGroup.LayoutParams源码分析

路径位于: frameworks\base\core\java\android\view\ViewGroup.java

public abstract class ViewGroup extends View implements ViewParent, ViewManager {  
    ...  
     public static class LayoutParams {  
        /** 
         * Special value for the height or width requested by a View. 
         * FILL_PARENT means that the view wants to be as big as its parent, 
         * minus the parent's padding, if any. This value is deprecated 
         * starting in API Level 8 and replaced by {@link #MATCH_PARENT}. 
         */  
        @Deprecated  
        public static final int FILL_PARENT = -1;  // 注意值为-1,Android2.2版本不建议使用  
        /** 
         * Special value for the height or width requested by a View. 
         * MATCH_PARENT means that the view wants to be as big as its parent, 
         * minus the parent's padding, if any. Introduced in API Level 8. 
         */  
        public static final int MATCH_PARENT = -1; // 注意值为-1  
        /** 
         * Special value for the height or width requested by a View. 
         * WRAP_CONTENT means that the view wants to be just large enough to fit 
         * its own internal content, taking its own padding into account. 
         */  
        public static final int WRAP_CONTENT = -2; // 注意值为-2  
        /** 
         * Information about how wide the view wants to be. Can be one of the 
         * constants FILL_PARENT (replaced by MATCH_PARENT , 
         * in API Level 8) or WRAP_CONTENT. or an exact size. 
         */  
        public int width;  //该View的宽度,可以为WRAP_CONTENT/MATCH_PARENT 或者一个具体值  
        /** 
         * Information about how tall the view wants to be. Can be one of the 
         * constants FILL_PARENT (replaced by MATCH_PARENT , 
         * in API Level 8) or WRAP_CONTENT. or an exact size. 
         */  
        public int height; //该View的高度,可以为WRAP_CONTENT/MATCH_PARENT 或者一个具体值  
        /** 
         * Used to animate layouts. 
         */  
        public LayoutAnimationController.AnimationParameters layoutAnimationParameters;  
        /** 
         * Creates a new set of layout parameters. The values are extracted from 
         * the supplied attributes set and context. The XML attributes mapped 
         * to this set of layout parameters are:、 
         */  
        public LayoutParams(Context c, AttributeSet attrs) {  
            TypedArray a = c.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.ViewGroup_Layout);  
            setBaseAttributes(a,  
                    R.styleable.ViewGroup_Layout_layout_width,  
                    R.styleable.ViewGroup_Layout_layout_height);  
            a.recycle();  
        }  
  
        /** 
         * Creates a new set of layout parameters with the specified width 
         * and height. 
         */  
        public LayoutParams(int width, int height) {  
            this.width = width;  
            this.height = height;  
        }  
        /** 
         * Copy constructor. Clones the width and height values of the source. 
         * 
         * @param source The layout params to copy from. 
         */  
        public LayoutParams(LayoutParams source) {  
            this.width = source.width;  
            this.height = source.height;  
        }  
        /** 
         * Used internally by MarginLayoutParams. 
         * @hide 
         */  
        LayoutParams() {  
        }  
        /** 
         * Extracts the layout parameters from the supplied attributes. 
         * 
         * @param a the style attributes to extract the parameters from 
         * @param widthAttr the identifier of the width attribute 
         * @param heightAttr the identifier of the height attribute 
         */  
        protected void setBaseAttributes(TypedArray a, int widthAttr, int heightAttr) {  
            width = a.getLayoutDimension(widthAttr, "layout_width");  
            height = a.getLayoutDimension(heightAttr, "layout_height");  
        }  
}  

我们发现FILL_PARENT/MATCH_PARENT值为 -1 ,WRAP_CONETENT值为-2,是不是有点诧异? 将值

  设置为负值的目的是为了区别View的具体值(an exact size) 总是大于0的。

ViewGroup子类可以实现自定义LayoutParams,自定义LayoutParams提供了更好地扩展性,例如LinearLayout

 就有LinearLayout. LayoutParams自定义类(见下文)。整个LayoutParams类家族还是挺复杂的。

      ViewGroup.LayoutParams及其常用派生类的类图(部分类图)如下:


该类图是在太庞大了,大家有兴趣的去看看Android API吧。


前面我们说过,每个View都包含一个ViewGroup.LayoutParams类或者其派生类,下面我们的疑问是Android框架

 中时如何为View设置其LayoutParams属性的。


有两种方法会设置View的LayoutParams属性:

       1、 直接添加子View时,常见于如下几种方法:ViewGroup.java

//Adds a child view.      
void addView(View child, int index)  
//Adds a child view with this ViewGroup's default layout parameters   
//and the specified width and height.  
void addView(View child, int width, int height)  
//Adds a child view with the specified layout parameters.         
void addView(View child, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params) 

三个重载方法的区别只是添加View时构造LayoutParams对象的方式不同而已,稍后我们探寻一下它们的源码。

2、 通过xml布局文件指定某个View的属性为:android:layout_heigth=””以及android:layout_weight=”” 时。

    总的来说,这两种方式都会设定View的LayoutParams属性值----指定的或者Default值。


方式1流程分析

     直接添加子View时,比较容易理解,我们先来看看这种方式设置LayoutParams的过程:

         路径:\frameworks\base\core\java\android\view\ViewGroup.java

public abstract class ViewGroup extends View implements ViewParent, ViewManager {  
    ...  
    /** 
     * Adds a child view. If no layout parameters are already set on the child, the 
     * default parameters for this ViewGroup are set on the child. 
     * 
     * @param child the child view to add 
     * 
     * @see #generateDefaultLayoutParams() 
     */  
    public void addView(View child) {  
        addView(child, -1);  
    }  
    /** 
     * Adds a child view. If no layout parameters are already set on the child, the 
     * default parameters for this ViewGroup are set on the child. 
     * 
     * @param child the child view to add 
     * @param index the position at which to add the child 
     * 
     * @see #generateDefaultLayoutParams() 
     */  
    public void addView(View child, int index) {  
        LayoutParams params = child.getLayoutParams();  
        if (params == null) {  
            params = generateDefaultLayoutParams(); //返回默认地LayoutParams类,作为该View的属性值  
            if (params == null) {//如果不能获取到LayoutParams对象,则抛出异常。  
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("generateDefaultLayoutParams() cannot return null");  
            }  
        }  
        addView(child, index, params);  
    }  
    /** 
     * Adds a child view with this ViewGroup's default layout parameters and the 
     * specified width and height. 
     * 
     * @param child the child view to add 
     */  
    public void addView(View child, int width, int height) {  
        //返回默认地LayoutParams类,作为该View的属性值  
        final LayoutParams params = generateDefaultLayoutParams();   
        params.width = width;   //重新设置width值  
        params.height = height; //重新设置height值  
        addView(child, -1, params); //这儿,我们有指定width、height的大小了。  
    }  
    /** 
     * Adds a child view with the specified layout parameters. 
     * 
     * @param child the child view to add 
     * @param params the layout parameters to set on the child 
     */  
    public void addView(View child, LayoutParams params) {  
        addView(child, -1, params);  
    }  
    /** 
     * Adds a child view with the specified layout parameters. 
     * 
     * @param child the child view to add 
     * @param index the position at which to add the child 
     * @param params the layout parameters to set on the child 
     */  
    public void addView(View child, int index, LayoutParams params) {  
        ...  
        // addViewInner() will call child.requestLayout() when setting the new LayoutParams  
        // therefore, we call requestLayout() on ourselves before, so that the child's request  
        // will be blocked at our level  
        requestLayout();  
        invalidate();  
        addViewInner(child, index, params, false);  
    }  
    /** 
     * Returns a set of default layout parameters. These parameters are requested 
     * when the View passed to {@link #addView(View)} has no layout parameters 
     * already set. If null is returned, an exception is thrown from addView. 
     * 
     * @return a set of default layout parameters or null 
     */  
    protected LayoutParams generateDefaultLayoutParams() {  
        //width 为 WRAP_CONTENT大小 , height 为WRAP_CONTENT   
        //ViewGroup的子类可以重写该方法,达到其特定要求。稍后会以LinearLayout类为例说明。  
        return new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);  
    }  
    private void addViewInner(View child, int index, LayoutParams params,  
            boolean preventRequestLayout) {  
  
        if (!checkLayoutParams(params)) { //params对象是否为null  
            params = generateLayoutParams(params); //如果params对象是为null,重新构造个LayoutParams对象  
        }  
        //preventRequestLayout值为false  
        if (preventRequestLayout) {    
            child.mLayoutParams = params; //为View的mLayoutParams属性赋值  
        } else {  
            child.setLayoutParams(params);//为View的mLayoutParams属性赋值,但会调用requestLayout()请求重新布局  
        }  
        //if else 语句会设置View为mLayoutParams属性赋值  
        ...  
    }  
    ...  
}  

主要功能就是在添加子View时为其构建了一个LayoutParams对象。但更重要的是,ViewGroup的子类可以重载

 上面的几个方法,返回特定的LayoutParams对象,例如:对于LinearLayout而言,则是LinearLayout.LayoutParams

 对象。这么做地目的是,能在其他需要它的地方,可以将其强制转换成LinearLayout.LayoutParams对象。


      LinearLayout重写函数地实现为:

public class LinearLayout extends ViewGroup {  
    ...  
    @Override  
    public LayoutParams generateLayoutParams(AttributeSet attrs) {  
        return new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(getContext(), attrs);  
    }  
    @Override  
    protected LayoutParams generateDefaultLayoutParams() {  
        //该LinearLayout是水平方向还是垂直方向  
        if (mOrientation == HORIZONTAL) {   
            return new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);  
        } else if (mOrientation == VERTICAL) {  
            return new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);  
        }  
        return null;  
    }  
    @Override  
    protected LayoutParams generateLayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams p) {  
        return new LayoutParams(p);  
    }  
    /** 
     * Per-child layout information associated with ViewLinearLayout. 
     *  
     * @attr ref android.R.styleable#LinearLayout_Layout_layout_weight 
     * @attr ref android.R.styleable#LinearLayout_Layout_layout_gravity 
     */ //自定义的LayoutParams类  
    public static class LayoutParams extends ViewGroup.MarginLayoutParams {  
        /** 
         * Indicates how much of the extra space in the LinearLayout will be 
         * allocated to the view associated with these LayoutParams. Specify 
         * 0 if the view should not be stretched. Otherwise the extra pixels 
         * will be pro-rated among all views whose weight is greater than 0. 
         */  
        @ViewDebug.ExportedProperty(category = "layout")  
        public float weight;      //  见于属性,android:layout_weight=""  ;  
        /** 
         * Gravity for the view associated with these LayoutParams. 
         * 
         * @see android.view.Gravity 
         */  
        public int gravity = -1;  // 见于属性, android:layout_gravity=""  ;   
        /** 
         * {@inheritDoc} 
         */  
        public LayoutParams(Context c, AttributeSet attrs) {  
            super(c, attrs);  
            TypedArray a =c.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, com.android.internal.R.styleable.LinearLayout_Layout);  
            weight = a.getFloat(com.android.internal.R.styleable.LinearLayout_Layout_layout_weight, 0);  
            gravity = a.getInt(com.android.internal.R.styleable.LinearLayout_Layout_layout_gravity, -1);  
  
            a.recycle();  
        }  
        /** 
         * {@inheritDoc} 
         */  
        public LayoutParams(int width, int height) {  
            super(width, height);  
            weight = 0;  
        }  
        /** 
         * Creates a new set of layout parameters with the specified width, height 
         * and weight. 
         * 
         * @param width the width, either {@link #MATCH_PARENT}, 
         *        {@link #WRAP_CONTENT} or a fixed size in pixels 
         * @param height the height, either {@link #MATCH_PARENT}, 
         *        {@link #WRAP_CONTENT} or a fixed size in pixels 
         * @param weight the weight 
         */  
        public LayoutParams(int width, int height, float weight) {  
            super(width, height);  
            this.weight = weight;  
        }  
        public LayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams p) {  
            super(p);  
        }  
        public LayoutParams(MarginLayoutParams source) {  
            super(source);  
        }  
    }  
    ...  
}  

LinearLayout.LayoutParams类继承至ViewGroup.MarginLayoutParams类,添加了对android:layout_weight以及

   android:layout_gravity这两个属性的获取和保存。而且它的重写函数返回的都是LinearLayout.LayoutParams

   类型。样,我们可以再对子View进行其他操作时,可以将将其强制转换成LinearLayout.LayoutParams对象进行

   使用。

         例如,LinearLayout进行measure过程,使用了LinearLayout.LayoutParam对象,有如下代码:


public class LinearLayout extends ViewGroup {  
    ...  
    @Override  //onMeasure方法。  
    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {  
        //判断是垂直方向还是水平方向,这儿我们假设是VERTICAL垂直方向,  
        if (mOrientation == VERTICAL) {  
            measureVertical(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);  
        } else {  
            measureHorizontal(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);  
        }  
    }  
     /** 
     * Measures the children when the orientation of this LinearLayout is set 
     * to {@link #VERTICAL}. 
     * 
     * @param widthMeasureSpec Horizontal space requirements as imposed by the parent. 
     * @param heightMeasureSpec Vertical space requirements as imposed by the parent. 
     * 
     * @see #getOrientation() 
     * @see #setOrientation(int) 
     * @see #onMeasure(int, int) 
     */  
      void measureVertical(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {  
            mTotalLength = 0;  
            ...  
            // See how tall everyone is. Also remember max width.  
            for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {  
                final View child = getVirtualChildAt(i); //获得索引处为i的子VIew     
                ...  
                //注意,我们将类型为 ViewGroup.LayoutParams的实例对象强制转换为了LinearLayout.LayoutParams,  
                //即父对象转换为了子对象,能这样做的原因就是LinearLayout的所有子View的LayoutParams类型都为  
                //LinearLayout.LayoutParams  
                LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp = (LinearLayout.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();  
                ...  
        }  
    ...  
}  

超类ViewGroup.LayoutParams强制转换为了子类LinearLayout.LayoutParams,因为LinearLayout的每个

  ”直接“子ViewLayoutParams属性都是LinearLayout.LayoutParams类型,因此可以安全转换。


       PS : Android 2.3源码Launcher2中也实现了自定义的LayoutParams类,在IDLE界面的每个View至少包含如下

  信息:所在X方向的单元格索引和高度、所在Y方向的单元格索引和高度等。

            路径: packages\apps\Launcher2\src\com\android\launcher2\CellLayout.java

public class CellLayout extends ViewGroup {  
    ...   
    public static class LayoutParams extends ViewGroup.MarginLayoutParams {  
            /** 
             * Horizontal location of the item in the grid. 
             */  
            public int cellX;   //X方向的单元格索引  
            /** 
             * Vertical location of the item in the grid. 
             */  
            public int cellY;   //Y方向的单元格索引  
            /** 
             * Number of cells spanned horizontally by the item. 
             */  
            public int cellHSpan;  //水平方向所占高度  
            /** 
             * Number of cells spanned vertically by the item. 
             */  
            public int cellVSpan;  //垂直方向所占高度  
            ...  
            public LayoutParams(Context c, AttributeSet attrs) {  
                super(c, attrs);  
                cellHSpan = 1;  //默认为高度 1  
                cellVSpan = 1;  
            }  
  
            public LayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams source) {  
                super(source); //默认为高度 1  
                cellHSpan = 1;  
                cellVSpan = 1;  
            }  
              
            public LayoutParams(int cellX, int cellY, int cellHSpan, int cellVSpan) {  
                super(LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT);  
                this.cellX = cellX;  
                this.cellY = cellY;  
                this.cellHSpan = cellHSpan;  
                this.cellVSpan = cellVSpan;  
            }  
            ...  
        }  
    ...  
}  

对该自定义 CellLayout. LayoutParams类的使用可以参考LinearLayout. LayoutParams 类,我也不再赘述了。


方法2流程分析

        使用属性android:layout_heigth=””以及android:layout_weight=”” 时,为某个View设置LayoutParams值。


其实这种赋值方法其实也如同前面那种,只不过它需要一个前期孵化过程---需要利用XML解析将布局文件

  解析成一个完整的View树,可别小看它了,所有Xxx.xml的布局文件都需要解析成一个完整的View树。下面,

  我们就来仔细走这个过程,重点关注如下两个方面

         ①、xml布局是如何解析成View树的 ;

         ②、android:layout_heigth=””和android:layout_weight=””的解析。


PS: 一直以来,我都想当然android:layout_heigth以及android:layout_weight这两个属性的解析过程是在

   View.java内部完成的,但当我真正去找寻时,却一直没有在View.java类或者ViewGroup.java类找到。直到一位

   网友的一次提问,才发现它们的藏身之地。


3、布局文件解析流程分析

解析布局文件时,使用的类为LayoutInflater。 关于该类的使用请参考如下博客:

                            <android中LayoutInflater的使用 >>

      主要有如下API方法:

         public View inflate (XmlPullParser parser, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot)

          public View inflate (int resource, ViewGroup root)

          public View inflate (int resource, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot)

     这三个类主要迷惑之处在于地三个参数attachToRoot,即是否将该View树添加到root中去。具体可看这篇博客:

                                       <<关于inflate的第3个参数>>

    当然还有LayoutInflater的inflate()的其他重载方法,大家可以自行了解下。


我利用下面的例子给大家走走这个流程 :

public class MainActivity extends Activity {  
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */  
    @Override  
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
        //1、该方法最终也会调用到 LayoutInflater的inflate()方法中去解析。  
        setContentView(R.layout.main);  
          
        //2、使用常见的API方法去解析xml布局文件,  
        LayoutInflater layoutInflater = (LayoutInflater)getSystemService();  
        View root = layoutInflater.inflate(R.layout.main, null);  
    }  
}  

Step 1、获得LayoutInflater的引用。

         路径:\frameworks\base\core\java\android\app\ContextImpl.java

/** 
 * Common implementation of Context API, which provides the base 
 * context object for Activity and other application components. 
 */  
class ContextImpl extends Context {  
    if (WINDOW_SERVICE.equals(name)) {  
        return WindowManagerImpl.getDefault();  
    } else if (LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE.equals(name)) {  
        synchronized (mSync) {  
            LayoutInflater inflater = mLayoutInflater;  
            //是否已经赋值,如果是,直接返回引用  
            if (inflater != null) {  
                return inflater;  
            }  
            //返回一个LayoutInflater对象,getOuterContext()指的是我们的Activity、Service或者Application引用  
            mLayoutInflater = inflater = PolicyManager.makeNewLayoutInflater(getOuterContext());  
            return inflater;  
        }  
    } else if (ACTIVITY_SERVICE.equals(name)) {  
        return getActivityManager();  
    }...  
}  

继续去PolicyManager查询对应函数,看看内部实现。    

           径:frameworks\base\core\java\com\android\internal\policy\PolicyManager.java


public final class PolicyManager {  
    private static final String POLICY_IMPL_CLASS_NAME = "com.android.internal.policy.impl.Policy";  
    private static final IPolicy sPolicy;   // 这可不是Binder机制额,这只是是一个接口,别想多啦  
    static {  
        // Pull in the actual implementation of the policy at run-time  
        try {  
            Class policyClass = Class.forName(POLICY_IMPL_CLASS_NAME);  
            sPolicy = (IPolicy)policyClass.newInstance();  
        }  
        ...  
    }  
    ...  
    public static LayoutInflater makeNewLayoutInflater(Context context) {  
        return sPolicy.makeNewLayoutInflater(context); //继续去实现类中去查找  
    }  
} 

IPolicy接口的实现对为Policy类。路径: /frameworks/base/policy/src/com/android/internal/policy/impl/Policy.java


//Simple implementation of the policy interface that spawns the right  
//set of objects  
public class Policy implements IPolicy{  
    ...  
    public PhoneLayoutInflater makeNewLayoutInflater(Context context) {  
        //实际上返回的是PhoneLayoutInflater类。  
        return new PhoneLayoutInflater(context);  
    }  
}  
//PhoneLayoutInflater继承至LayoutInflater类  
public class PhoneLayoutInflater extends LayoutInflater {  
    ...  
    /** 
     * Instead of instantiating directly, you should retrieve an instance 
     * through {@link Context#getSystemService} 
     *  
     * @param context The Context in which in which to find resources and other 
     *                application-specific things. 
     *  
     * @see Context#getSystemService 
     */  
    public PhoneLayoutInflater(Context context) {  
        super(context);  
    }  
    ...  
}  

LayoutInflater是个抽象类,实际上我们返回的是PhoneLayoutInflater类,但解析过程的操作基本上是在

  LayoutInflater中完成地。


 Step 2、调用inflate()方法去解析布局文件。


public abstract class LayoutInflater {  
    ...  
    public View inflate(int resource, ViewGroup root) {  
        //继续看下个函数,注意root为null  
        return inflate(resource, root, root != null);   
    }  
      
    public View inflate(int resource, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {  
        //获取一个XmlResourceParser来解析XML文件---布局文件。  
        //XmlResourceParser类以及xml是如何解析的,大家自己有兴趣找找。  
        XmlResourceParser parser = getContext().getResources().getLayout(resource);  
        try {  
            return inflate(parser, root, attachToRoot);  
        } finally {  
            parser.close();  
        }  
    }  
}  


我们获得了一个当前应用程序环境的XmlResourceParser对象,该对象的主要作用就是来解析xml布局文件的。

  XmlResourceParser类是个接口类,更多关于XML解析的,大家可以参考下面博客:

                              <<android之XmlResourceParser类使用实例>>

                                    <<android解析xml文件的方式(其一)>>

                                    <<android解析xml文件的方式(其二)>>

                                    <<android解析xml文件的方式(其三)>>



Step 3 、真正地开始解析工作 。

public abstract class LayoutInflater {  
    ...  
    /** 
     * Inflate a new view hierarchy from the specified XML node. Throws 
     * {@link InflateException} if there is an error. 
     */  
    //我们传递过来的参数如下: root 为null , attachToRoot为false 。  
    public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {  
        synchronized (mConstructorArgs) {  
            final AttributeSet attrs = Xml.asAttributeSet(parser);  
            Context lastContext = (Context)mConstructorArgs[0];  
            mConstructorArgs[0] = mContext;  //该mConstructorArgs属性最后会作为参数传递给View的构造函数  
            View result = root;  //根View  
  
            try {  
                // Look for the root node.  
                int type;  
                while ((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.START_TAG &&  
                        type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {  
                    // Empty  
                }  
                ...  
                final String name = parser.getName();  //节点名,即API中的控件或者自定义View完整限定名。  
                if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) { // 处理<merge />标签  
                    if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {  
                        throw new InflateException("<merge /> can be used only with a valid "  
                                + "ViewGroup root and attachToRoot=true");  
                    }  
                    //将<merge />标签的View树添加至root中,该函数稍后讲到。  
                    rInflate(parser, root, attrs);  
                } else {  
                    // Temp is the root view that was found in the xml  
                    //创建该xml布局文件所对应的根View。  
                    View temp = createViewFromTag(name, attrs);   
  
                    ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = null;  
  
                    if (root != null) {  
                        // Create layout params that match root, if supplied  
                        //根据AttributeSet属性获得一个LayoutParams实例,记住调用者为root。  
                        params = root.generateLayoutParams(attrs);   
                        if (!attachToRoot) { //重新设置temp的LayoutParams  
                            // Set the layout params for temp if we are not  
                            // attaching. (If we are, we use addView, below)  
                            temp.setLayoutParams(params);  
                        }  
                    }  
                    // Inflate all children under temp  
                    //添加所有其子节点,即添加所有字View  
                    rInflate(parser, temp, attrs);  
                      
                    // We are supposed to attach all the views we found (int temp)  
                    // to root. Do that now.  
                    if (root != null && attachToRoot) {  
                        root.addView(temp, params);  
                    }  
                    // Decide whether to return the root that was passed in or the  
                    // top view found in xml.  
                    if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {  
                        result = temp;  
                    }  
                }  
            }   
            ...  
            return result;  
        }  
    }  
      
    /* 
     * default visibility so the BridgeInflater can override it. 
     */  
    View createViewFromTag(String name, AttributeSet attrs) {  
        //节点是否为View,如果是将其重新赋值,形如 <View class="com.qin.xxxView"></View>  
        if (name.equals("view")) {    
            name = attrs.getAttributeValue(null, "class");  
        }  
        try {  
            View view = (mFactory == null) ? null : mFactory.onCreateView(name,  
                    mContext, attrs);  //没有设置工厂方法  
  
            if (view == null) {  
                //通过这个判断是Android API的View,还是自定义View  
                if (-1 == name.indexOf('.')) {  
                    view = onCreateView(name, attrs); //创建Android API的View实例  
                } else {  
                    view = createView(name, null, attrs);//创建一个自定义View实例  
                }  
            }  
            return view;  
        }   
        ...  
    }  
    //获得具体视图的实例对象  
    public final View createView(String name, String prefix, AttributeSet attrs) {  
        Constructor constructor = sConstructorMap.get(name);  
        Class clazz = null;  
        //以下功能主要是获取如下三个类对象:  
        //1、类加载器  ClassLoader  
        //2、Class对象  
        //3、类的构造方法句柄 Constructor  
        try {  
            if (constructor == null) {  
            // Class not found in the cache, see if it's real, and try to add it  
            clazz = mContext.getClassLoader().loadClass(prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name);  
            ...  
            constructor = clazz.getConstructor(mConstructorSignature);  
            sConstructorMap.put(name, constructor);  
        } else {  
            // If we have a filter, apply it to cached constructor  
            if (mFilter != null) {  
                ...     
            }  
        }  
            //传递参数获得该View实例对象  
            Object[] args = mConstructorArgs;  
            args[1] = attrs;  
            return (View) constructor.newInstance(args);  
        }   
        ...  
    }  
  
}  


这段代码的作用是获取xml布局文件的root View,做了如下两件事情

          1、获取xml布局的View实例,通过createViewFromTag()方法获取,该方法会判断节点名是API 控件

            还是自定义控件,继而调用合适的方法去实例化View。

          2、判断root以及attachToRoot参数,重新设置root View值以及temp变量的LayoutParams值。


        如果仔细看着段代码,不知大家心里有没有疑惑:当root为null时,我们的temp变量的LayoutParams值是为

  null的,即它不会被赋值?有个View的LayoutParams值为空,那么,在系统中不会报异常吗?见下面部分

  代码:


//我们传递过来的参数如下: root 为null , attachToRoot为false 。  
public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {  
    synchronized (mConstructorArgs) {  
        ...  
        try {  
              
            ...  
            if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) { // 处理<merge />标签  
                ...  
            } else {  
                // Temp is the root view that was found in the xml  
                //创建该xml布局文件所对应的根View。  
                View temp = createViewFromTag(name, attrs);   
                ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = null;  
  
                //注意!!! root为null时,temp变量的LayoutParams属性不会被赋值的。  
                if (root != null) {  
                    // Create layout params that match root, if supplied  
                    //根据AttributeSet属性获得一个LayoutParams实例,记住调用者为root。  
                    params = root.generateLayoutParams(attrs);   
                    if (!attachToRoot) { //重新设置temp的LayoutParams  
                        // Set the layout params for temp if we are not  
                        // attaching. (If we are, we use addView, below)  
                        temp.setLayoutParams(params);  
                    }  
                }  
                ...  
            }  
        }   
        ...  
    }  
}  

 关于这个问题的详细答案,我会在后面讲到。这儿我简单说下,任何View树的顶层View被添加至窗口时,

  一般调用WindowManager.addView()添加至窗口时,在这个方法中去做进一步处理。即使,LayoutParams

  值空,UI框架每次measure()时都忽略该View的LayoutParams值,而是直接传递MeasureSpec值至View树。


       接下来,我们关注另外一个函数,rInflate(),该方法会递归调用每个View下的子节点,以当前View作为根View

 形成一个View树。


/** 
 * Recursive method used to descend down the xml hierarchy and instantiate 
 * views, instantiate their children, and then call onFinishInflate(). 
 */  
//递归调用每个字节点  
private void rInflate(XmlPullParser parser, View parent, final AttributeSet attrs)  
        throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {  
  
    final int depth = parser.getDepth();  
    int type;  
  
    while (((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_TAG ||  
            parser.getDepth() > depth) && type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {  
  
        if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {  
            continue;  
        }  
        final String name = parser.getName();  
          
        if (TAG_REQUEST_FOCUS.equals(name)) { //处理<requestFocus />标签  
            parseRequestFocus(parser, parent);  
        } else if (TAG_INCLUDE.equals(name)) { //处理<include />标签  
            if (parser.getDepth() == 0) {  
                throw new InflateException("<include /> cannot be the root element");  
            }  
            parseInclude(parser, parent, attrs);//解析<include />节点  
        } else if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) { //处理<merge />标签  
            throw new InflateException("<merge /> must be the root element");  
        } else {  
            //根据节点名构建一个View实例对象  
            final View view = createViewFromTag(name, attrs);   
            final ViewGroup viewGroup = (ViewGroup) parent;  
            //调用generateLayoutParams()方法返回一个LayoutParams实例对象,  
            final ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = viewGroup.generateLayoutParams(attrs);  
            rInflate(parser, view, attrs); //继续递归调用  
            viewGroup.addView(view, params); //OK,将该View以特定LayoutParams值添加至父View中  
        }  
    }  
    parent.onFinishInflate();  //完成了解析过程,通知....  
}  

值得注意的是,每次addView前都调用了viewGroup.generateLayoutParams(attrs)去构建一个LayoutParams

  实例,然后在addView()方法中为其赋值。参见如下代码:ViewGroup.java


public abstract class ViewGroup extends View implements ViewParent, ViewManager {  
    ...  
      
    public LayoutParams generateLayoutParams(AttributeSet attrs) {  
        return new LayoutParams(getContext(), attrs);  
    }  
    public static class LayoutParams {  
        ... //会调用这个构造函数  
        public LayoutParams(Context c, AttributeSet attrs) {  
            TypedArray a = c.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.ViewGroup_Layout);  
            setBaseAttributes(a,  
                    R.styleable.ViewGroup_Layout_layout_width,  
                    R.styleable.ViewGroup_Layout_layout_height);  
            a.recycle();  
        }  
        protected void setBaseAttributes(TypedArray a, int widthAttr, int heightAttr) {  
            width = a.getLayoutDimension(widthAttr, "layout_width");  
            height = a.getLayoutDimension(heightAttr, "layout_height");  
        }  
      
}  

好吧 ~~ 我们还是探寻根底,去TypeArray类的getLayoutDimension()看看。

         路径:/frameworks/base/core/java/android/content/res/TypedArray.java


public class TypedArray {  
    ...  
    /** 
     * Special version of {@link #getDimensionPixelSize} for retrieving 
     * {@link android.view.ViewGroup}'s layout_width and layout_height 
     * attributes.  This is only here for performance reasons; applications 
     * should use {@link #getDimensionPixelSize}. 
     *  
     * @param index Index of the attribute to retrieve. 
     * @param name Textual name of attribute for error reporting. 
     *  
     * @return Attribute dimension value multiplied by the appropriate  
     * metric and truncated to integer pixels. 
     */  
    public int getLayoutDimension(int index, String name) {  
        index *= AssetManager.STYLE_NUM_ENTRIES;  
        final int[] data = mData;  
        //获得属性对应的标识符 , Identifies,目前还没有仔细研究相关类。  
        final int type = data[index+AssetManager.STYLE_TYPE];  
        if (type >= TypedValue.TYPE_FIRST_INT  
                && type <= TypedValue.TYPE_LAST_INT) {  
            return data[index+AssetManager.STYLE_DATA];  
        } else if (type == TypedValue.TYPE_DIMENSION) { //类型为dimension类型  
            return TypedValue.complexToDimensionPixelSize(  
                data[index+AssetManager.STYLE_DATA], mResources.mMetrics);  
        }  
        //没有提供layout_weight和layout_height会来到此处 ,这儿会报异常!  
        //因此布局文件中的View包括自定义View必须加上属性layout_weight和layout_height。  
        throw new RuntimeException(getPositionDescription()  
                + ": You must supply a " + name + " attribute.");  
    }  
    ...  
}  

从上面得知,   我们将View的AttributeSet属性传递给generateLayoutParams()方法,让其构建合适地

   LayoutParams对象,并且初始化属性值weight和height。同时我们也得知 布局文件中的View包括自定义View

   必须加上属性layout_weight和layout_height,否则会报异常。


Step 3 主要做了如下事情:
       首先,获得了了布局文件地root View,即布局文件中最顶层的View。

       其次,通过递归调用,我们形成了整个View树以及设置了每个View的LayoutParams对象。


总结:通过对布局文件的解析流程的学习,也就是转换为View树的过程,我们明白了解析过程的个中奥妙,以及

设置ViewLayoutParams对象的过程。但是,我们这儿只是简单的浮光掠影,更深层次的内容希望大家能深入学习。


本来是准备接下去往下写的,但无奈贴出来的代码太多,文章有点长而且自己也有点凌乱了,因此决定做两篇

  博客发表吧。下篇内容包括如下方面:

        1、MeasureSpec类说明 ;

        2、measure过程中如何正确设置每个View的长宽 ;

        3、UI框架正确设置顶层View的LayoutParams对象,对Activity而言,顶层View则是DecorView,

   其他的皆是普通View了。



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