【MySQL】MySQL系统变量(system variables)列表(SHOW VARIABLES 的结果例)

文章目录

  • 【MySQL】MySQL系统变量(system variables)列表(SHOW VARIABLES 的结果例)
    • SHOW VARIABLES 的结果例
    • 参考

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编辑|SQL和数据库技术(ID:SQLplusDB)

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【MySQL】MySQL系统变量(system variables)列表(mysqld --verbose --help的结果例)
【MySQL】MySQL系统变量(system variables)列表(SHOW VARIABLES 的结果例)

【MySQL】MySQL系统变量(system variables)列表(SHOW VARIABLES 的结果例)

可以通过一下几种方法查看MySQL数据库的所有系统变量列表。

  1. 使用以下命令查看服务器系统变量,以及基于其编译默认值和读取的任何选项文件的值。
mysqld --verbose --help
  1. 使用以下命令查看服务器系统变量,以及仅基于其编译默认值使用的值(忽略任何选项文件中的设置)
mysqld --no-defaults --verbose --help
  1. 通过SHOW VARIABLES 命令查看正在运行的MySQL数据库的系统变量和其使用的值。
mysql> SHOW [GLOBAL | SESSION] VARIABLES
    [LIKE 'pattern' | WHERE expr]
  1. 通过Performance Schema的系统变量表查看正在运行的MySQL数据库的系统变量和其使用的值。
mysql> select * from performance_schema.global_variables;
mysql> select * from performance_schema.session_variables;

SHOW VARIABLES 的结果例

下面是SHOW VARIABLES 的结果例。

ubuntu@mysql-vm:~$ mysql -u root -prootroot
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 15
Server version: 8.0.34-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 (Ubuntu)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES;
+----------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name                                            | Value           |
+----------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| activate_all_roles_on_login                              | OFF             |
| admin_address                                            |                 |
| admin_port                                               | 33062           |
| admin_ssl_ca                                             |                 |
| admin_ssl_capath                                         |                 |
| admin_ssl_cert                                           |                 |
| admin_ssl_cipher                                         |                 |
| admin_ssl_crl                                            |                 |
| admin_ssl_crlpath                                        |                 |
| admin_ssl_key                                            |                 |
| admin_tls_ciphersuites                                   |                 |
| admin_tls_version                                        | TLSv1.2,TLSv1.3 |
| authentication_policy                                    | *,,             |
| auto_generate_certs                                      | ON              |
| auto_increment_increment                                 | 1               |
| auto_increment_offset                                    | 1               |
| autocommit                                               | ON              |
| automatic_sp_privileges                                  | ON              |
| avoid_temporal_upgrade                                   | OFF             |
| back_log                                                 | 152             |
| basedir                                                  | /usr/           |
| big_tables                                               | OFF             |
| bind_address                                             | 127.0.0.1       |
| binlog_cache_size                                        | 32768           |
| binlog_checksum                                          | CRC32           |
| binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates                  | OFF             |
| binlog_encryption                                        | OFF             |
| binlog_error_action                                      | ABORT_SERVER    |
| binlog_expire_logs_auto_purge                            | ON              |
| binlog_expire_logs_seconds                               | 2592000         |
| binlog_format                                            | ROW             |
| binlog_group_commit_sync_delay                           | 0               |
| binlog_group_commit_sync_no_delay_count                  | 0               |
| binlog_gtid_simple_recovery                              | ON              |
| binlog_max_flush_queue_time                              | 0               |
| binlog_order_commits                                     | ON              |
| binlog_rotate_encryption_master_key_at_startup           | OFF             |
| binlog_row_event_max_size                                | 8192            |
| binlog_row_image                                         | FULL            |
| binlog_row_metadata                                      | MINIMAL         |
| binlog_row_value_options                                 |                 |
| binlog_rows_query_log_events                             | OFF             |
| binlog_stmt_cache_size                                   | 32768           |
| binlog_transaction_compression                           | OFF             |
| binlog_transaction_compression_level_zstd                | 3               |
| binlog_transaction_dependency_history_size               | 25000           |
| binlog_transaction_dependency_tracking                   | COMMIT_ORDER    |
| block_encryption_mode                                    | aes-128-ecb     |
| build_id                                                 | 6da44471e64652692eaa270c171582a6e8ed7791                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
| bulk_insert_buffer_size                                  | 8388608         |
| caching_sha2_password_auto_generate_rsa_keys             | ON              |
| caching_sha2_password_digest_rounds                      | 5000            |
| caching_sha2_password_private_key_path                   | private_key.pem |
| caching_sha2_password_public_key_path                    | public_key.pem  |
| character_set_client                                     | utf8mb4         |
| character_set_connection                                 | utf8mb4         |
| character_set_database                                   | utf8mb4         |
| character_set_filesystem                                 | binary          |
| character_set_results                                    | utf8mb4         |
| character_set_server                                     | utf8mb4         |
| character_set_system                                     | utf8mb3         |
| character_sets_dir                                       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
| check_proxy_users                                        | OFF             |
| collation_connection                                     | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
| collation_database                                       | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
| collation_server                                         | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
| completion_type                                          | NO_CHAIN        |
| concurrent_insert                                        | AUTO            |
| connect_timeout                                          | 10              |
| connection_memory_chunk_size                             | 8192            |
| connection_memory_limit                                  | 18446744073709551615                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
| core_file                                                | OFF             |
| create_admin_listener_thread                             | OFF             |
| cte_max_recursion_depth                                  | 1000            |
| datadir                                                  | /var/lib/mysql/ |
| default_authentication_plugin                            | caching_sha2_password                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
| default_collation_for_utf8mb4                            | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
| default_password_lifetime                                | 0               |
| default_storage_engine                                   | InnoDB          |
| default_table_encryption                                 | OFF             |
| default_tmp_storage_engine                               | InnoDB          |
| default_week_format                                      | 0               |
| delay_key_write                                          | ON              |
| delayed_insert_limit                                     | 100             |
| delayed_insert_timeout                                   | 300             |
| delayed_queue_size                                       | 1000            |
| disabled_storage_engines                                 |                 |
| disconnect_on_expired_password                           | ON              |
| div_precision_increment                                  | 4               |
| end_markers_in_json                                      | OFF             |
| enforce_gtid_consistency                                 | OFF             |
| eq_range_index_dive_limit                                | 200             |
| error_count                                              | 0               |
| event_scheduler                                          | ON              |
| expire_logs_days                                         | 0               |
| explain_format                                           | TRADITIONAL     |
| explicit_defaults_for_timestamp                          | ON              |
| external_user                                            |                 |
| flush                                                    | OFF             |
| flush_time                                               | 0               |
| foreign_key_checks                                       | ON              |
| ft_boolean_syntax                                        | + -><()~*:""&|  |
| ft_max_word_len                                          | 84              |
| ft_min_word_len                                          | 4               |
| ft_query_expansion_limit                                 | 20              |
| ft_stopword_file                                         | (built-in)      |
| general_log                                              | OFF             |
| general_log_file                                         | /var/lib/mysql/mysql-vm.log                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| generated_random_password_length                         | 20              |
| global_connection_memory_limit                           | 18446744073709551615                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
| global_connection_memory_tracking                        | OFF             |
| group_concat_max_len                                     | 1024            |
| group_replication_consistency                            | EVENTUAL        |
| gtid_executed                                            |                 |
| gtid_executed_compression_period                         | 0               |
| gtid_mode                                                | OFF             |
| gtid_next                                                | AUTOMATIC       |
| gtid_owned                                               |                 |
| gtid_purged                                              |                 |
| have_compress                                            | YES             |
| have_dynamic_loading                                     | YES             |
| have_geometry                                            | YES             |
| have_openssl                                             | YES             |
| have_profiling                                           | YES             |
| have_query_cache                                         | NO              |
| have_rtree_keys                                          | YES             |
| have_ssl                                                 | YES             |
| have_statement_timeout                                   | YES             |
| have_symlink                                             | DISABLED        |
| histogram_generation_max_mem_size                        | 20000000        |
| host_cache_size                                          | 280             |
| hostname                                                 | mysql-vm        |
| identity                                                 | 0               |
| immediate_server_version                                 | 999999          |
| information_schema_stats_expiry                          | 86400           |
| init_connect                                             |                 |
| init_file                                                |                 |
| init_replica                                             |                 |
| init_slave                                               |                 |
| innodb_adaptive_flushing                                 | ON              |
| innodb_adaptive_flushing_lwm                             | 10              |
| innodb_adaptive_hash_index                               | ON              |
| innodb_adaptive_hash_index_parts                         | 8               |
| innodb_adaptive_max_sleep_delay                          | 150000          |
| innodb_api_bk_commit_interval                            | 5               |
| innodb_api_disable_rowlock                               | OFF             |
| innodb_api_enable_binlog                                 | OFF             |
| innodb_api_enable_mdl                                    | OFF             |
| innodb_api_trx_level                                     | 0               |
| innodb_autoextend_increment                              | 64              |
| innodb_autoinc_lock_mode                                 | 2               |
| innodb_buffer_pool_chunk_size                            | 134217728       |
| innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown                      | ON              |
| innodb_buffer_pool_dump_now                              | OFF             |
| innodb_buffer_pool_dump_pct                              | 25              |
| innodb_buffer_pool_filename                              | ib_buffer_pool  |
| innodb_buffer_pool_in_core_file                          | ON              |
| innodb_buffer_pool_instances                             | 1               |
| innodb_buffer_pool_load_abort                            | OFF             |
| innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup                       | ON              |
| innodb_buffer_pool_load_now                              | OFF             |
| innodb_buffer_pool_size                                  | 134217728       |
| innodb_change_buffer_max_size                            | 25              |
| innodb_change_buffering                                  | all             |
| innodb_checksum_algorithm                                | crc32           |
| innodb_cmp_per_index_enabled                             | OFF             |
| innodb_commit_concurrency                                | 0               |
| innodb_compression_failure_threshold_pct                 | 5               |
| innodb_compression_level                                 | 6               |
| innodb_compression_pad_pct_max                           | 50              |
| innodb_concurrency_tickets                               | 5000            |
| innodb_data_file_path                                    | ibdata1:12M:autoextend                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
| innodb_data_home_dir                                     |                 |
| innodb_ddl_buffer_size                                   | 1048576         |
| innodb_ddl_threads                                       | 4               |
| innodb_deadlock_detect                                   | ON              |
| innodb_dedicated_server                                  | OFF             |
| innodb_default_row_format                                | dynamic         |
| innodb_directories                                       |                 |
| innodb_disable_sort_file_cache                           | OFF             |
| innodb_doublewrite                                       | ON              |
| innodb_doublewrite_batch_size                            | 0               |
| innodb_doublewrite_dir                                   |                 |
| innodb_doublewrite_files                                 | 2               |
| innodb_doublewrite_pages                                 | 4               |
| innodb_extend_and_initialize                             | ON              |
| innodb_fast_shutdown                                     | 1               |
| innodb_file_per_table                                    | ON              |
| innodb_fill_factor                                       | 100             |
| innodb_flush_log_at_timeout                              | 1               |
| innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit                           | 1               |
| innodb_flush_method                                      | fsync           |
| innodb_flush_neighbors                                   | 0               |
| innodb_flush_sync                                        | ON              |
| innodb_flushing_avg_loops                                | 30              |
| innodb_force_load_corrupted                              | OFF             |
| innodb_force_recovery                                    | 0               |
| innodb_fsync_threshold                                   | 0               |
| innodb_ft_aux_table                                      |                 |
| innodb_ft_cache_size                                     | 8000000         |
| innodb_ft_enable_diag_print                              | OFF             |
| innodb_ft_enable_stopword                                | ON              |
| innodb_ft_max_token_size                                 | 84              |
| innodb_ft_min_token_size                                 | 3               |
| innodb_ft_num_word_optimize                              | 2000            |
| innodb_ft_result_cache_limit                             | 2000000000      |
| innodb_ft_server_stopword_table                          |                 |
| innodb_ft_sort_pll_degree                                | 2               |
| innodb_ft_total_cache_size                               | 640000000       |
| innodb_ft_user_stopword_table                            |                 |
| innodb_idle_flush_pct                                    | 100             |
| innodb_io_capacity                                       | 200             |
| innodb_io_capacity_max                                   | 2000            |
| innodb_lock_wait_timeout                                 | 50              |
| innodb_log_buffer_size                                   | 16777216        |
| innodb_log_checksums                                     | ON              |
| innodb_log_compressed_pages                              | ON              |
| innodb_log_file_size                                     | 50331648        |
| innodb_log_files_in_group                                | 2               |
| innodb_log_group_home_dir                                | ./              |
| innodb_log_spin_cpu_abs_lwm                              | 80              |
| innodb_log_spin_cpu_pct_hwm                              | 50              |
| innodb_log_wait_for_flush_spin_hwm                       | 400             |
| innodb_log_write_ahead_size                              | 8192            |
| innodb_log_writer_threads                                | ON              |
| innodb_lru_scan_depth                                    | 1024            |
| innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct                               | 90.000000       |
| innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct_lwm                           | 10.000000       |
| innodb_max_purge_lag                                     | 0               |
| innodb_max_purge_lag_delay                               | 0               |
| innodb_max_undo_log_size                                 | 1073741824      |
| innodb_monitor_disable                                   |                 |
| innodb_monitor_enable                                    |                 |
| innodb_monitor_reset                                     |                 |
| innodb_monitor_reset_all                                 |                 |
| innodb_numa_interleave                                   | OFF             |
| innodb_old_blocks_pct                                    | 37              |
| innodb_old_blocks_time                                   | 1000            |
| innodb_online_alter_log_max_size                         | 134217728       |
| innodb_open_files                                        | 4000            |
| innodb_optimize_fulltext_only                            | OFF             |
| innodb_page_cleaners                                     | 1               |
| innodb_page_size                                         | 16384           |
| innodb_parallel_read_threads                             | 4               |
| innodb_print_all_deadlocks                               | OFF             |
| innodb_print_ddl_logs                                    | OFF             |
| innodb_purge_batch_size                                  | 300             |
| innodb_purge_rseg_truncate_frequency                     | 128             |
| innodb_purge_threads                                     | 4               |
| innodb_random_read_ahead                                 | OFF             |
| innodb_read_ahead_threshold                              | 56              |
| innodb_read_io_threads                                   | 4               |
| innodb_read_only                                         | OFF             |
| innodb_redo_log_archive_dirs                             |                 |
| innodb_redo_log_capacity                                 | 104857600       |
| innodb_redo_log_encrypt                                  | OFF             |
| innodb_replication_delay                                 | 0               |
| innodb_rollback_on_timeout                               | OFF             |
| innodb_rollback_segments                                 | 128             |
| innodb_segment_reserve_factor                            | 12.500000       |
| innodb_sort_buffer_size                                  | 1048576         |
| innodb_spin_wait_delay                                   | 6               |
| innodb_spin_wait_pause_multiplier                        | 50              |
| innodb_stats_auto_recalc                                 | ON              |
| innodb_stats_include_delete_marked                       | OFF             |
| innodb_stats_method                                      | nulls_equal     |
| innodb_stats_on_metadata                                 | OFF             |
| innodb_stats_persistent                                  | ON              |
| innodb_stats_persistent_sample_pages                     | 20              |
| innodb_stats_transient_sample_pages                      | 8               |
| innodb_status_output                                     | OFF             |
| innodb_status_output_locks                               | OFF             |
| innodb_strict_mode                                       | ON              |
| innodb_sync_array_size                                   | 1               |
| innodb_sync_spin_loops                                   | 30              |
| innodb_table_locks                                       | ON              |
| innodb_temp_data_file_path                               | ibtmp1:12M:autoextend                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
| innodb_temp_tablespaces_dir                              | ./#innodb_temp/ |
| innodb_thread_concurrency                                | 0               |
| innodb_thread_sleep_delay                                | 10000           |
| innodb_tmpdir                                            |                 |
| innodb_undo_directory                                    | ./              |
| innodb_undo_log_encrypt                                  | OFF             |
| innodb_undo_log_truncate                                 | ON              |
| innodb_undo_tablespaces                                  | 2               |
| innodb_use_fdatasync                                     | OFF             |
| innodb_use_native_aio                                    | ON              |
| innodb_validate_tablespace_paths                         | ON              |
| innodb_version                                           | 8.0.34          |
| innodb_write_io_threads                                  | 4               |
| insert_id                                                | 0               |
| interactive_timeout                                      | 28800           |
| internal_tmp_mem_storage_engine                          | TempTable       |
| join_buffer_size                                         | 262144          |
| keep_files_on_create                                     | OFF             |
| key_buffer_size                                          | 16777216        |
| key_cache_age_threshold                                  | 300             |
| key_cache_block_size                                     | 1024            |
| key_cache_division_limit                                 | 100             |
| keyring_operations                                       | ON              |
| large_files_support                                      | ON              |
| large_page_size                                          | 0               |
| large_pages                                              | OFF             |
| last_insert_id                                           | 0               |
| lc_messages                                              | en_US           |
| lc_messages_dir                                          | /usr/share/mysql/                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| lc_time_names                                            | en_US           |
| license                                                  | GPL             |
| local_infile                                             | OFF             |
| lock_wait_timeout                                        | 31536000        |
| locked_in_memory                                         | OFF             |
| log_bin                                                  | ON              |
| log_bin_basename                                         | /var/lib/mysql/binlog                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
| log_bin_index                                            | /var/lib/mysql/binlog.index                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| log_bin_trust_function_creators                          | OFF             |
| log_bin_use_v1_row_events                                | OFF             |
| log_error                                                | /var/log/mysql/error.log                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
| log_error_services                                       | log_filter_internal; log_sink_internal                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
| log_error_suppression_list                               |                 |
| log_error_verbosity                                      | 2               |
| log_output                                               | FILE            |
| log_queries_not_using_indexes                            | OFF             |
| log_raw                                                  | OFF             |
| log_replica_updates                                      | ON              |
| log_slave_updates                                        | ON              |
| log_slow_admin_statements                                | OFF             |
| log_slow_extra                                           | OFF             |
| log_slow_replica_statements                              | OFF             |
| log_slow_slave_statements                                | OFF             |
| log_statements_unsafe_for_binlog                         | ON              |
| log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes                   | 0               |
| log_timestamps                                           | UTC             |
| long_query_time                                          | 10.000000       |
| low_priority_updates                                     | OFF             |
| lower_case_file_system                                   | OFF             |
| lower_case_table_names                                   | 0               |
| mandatory_roles                                          |                 |
| master_info_repository                                   | TABLE           |
| master_verify_checksum                                   | OFF             |
| max_allowed_packet                                       | 67108864        |
| max_binlog_cache_size                                    | 18446744073709547520                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
| max_binlog_size                                          | 104857600       |
| max_binlog_stmt_cache_size                               | 18446744073709547520                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
| max_connect_errors                                       | 100             |
| max_connections                                          | 152             |
| max_delayed_threads                                      | 20              |
| max_digest_length                                        | 1024            |
| max_error_count                                          | 1024            |
| max_execution_time                                       | 0               |
| max_heap_table_size                                      | 16777216        |
| max_insert_delayed_threads                               | 20              |
| max_join_size                                            | 18446744073709551615                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
| max_length_for_sort_data                                 | 4096            |
| max_points_in_geometry                                   | 65536           |
| max_prepared_stmt_count                                  | 16382           |
| max_relay_log_size                                       | 0               |
| max_seeks_for_key                                        | 18446744073709551615                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
| max_sort_length                                          | 1024            |
| max_sp_recursion_depth                                   | 0               |
| max_user_connections                                     | 0               |
| max_write_lock_count                                     | 18446744073709551615                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
| min_examined_row_limit                                   | 0               |
| myisam_data_pointer_size                                 | 6               |
| myisam_max_sort_file_size                                | 9223372036853727232                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
| myisam_mmap_size                                         | 18446744073709551615                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
| myisam_recover_options                                   | BACKUP          |
| myisam_sort_buffer_size                                  | 8388608         |
| myisam_stats_method                                      | nulls_unequal   |
| myisam_use_mmap                                          | OFF             |
| mysql_native_password_proxy_users                        | OFF             |
| mysqlx_bind_address                                      | 127.0.0.1       |
| mysqlx_compression_algorithms                            | DEFLATE_STREAM,LZ4_MESSAGE,ZSTD_STREAM                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
| mysqlx_connect_timeout                                   | 30              |
| mysqlx_deflate_default_compression_level                 | 3               |
| mysqlx_deflate_max_client_compression_level              | 5               |
| mysqlx_document_id_unique_prefix                         | 0               |
| mysqlx_enable_hello_notice                               | ON              |
| mysqlx_idle_worker_thread_timeout                        | 60              |
| mysqlx_interactive_timeout                               | 28800           |
| mysqlx_lz4_default_compression_level                     | 2               |
| mysqlx_lz4_max_client_compression_level                  | 8               |
| mysqlx_max_allowed_packet                                | 67108864        |
| mysqlx_max_connections                                   | 100             |
| mysqlx_min_worker_threads                                | 2               |
| mysqlx_port                                              | 33060           |
| mysqlx_port_open_timeout                                 | 0               |
| mysqlx_read_timeout                                      | 30              |
| mysqlx_socket                                            | /var/run/mysqld/mysqlx.sock                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| mysqlx_ssl_ca                                            |                 |
| mysqlx_ssl_capath                                        |                 |
| mysqlx_ssl_cert                                          |                 |
| mysqlx_ssl_cipher                                        |                 |
| mysqlx_ssl_crl                                           |                 |
| mysqlx_ssl_crlpath                                       |                 |
| mysqlx_ssl_key                                           |                 |
| mysqlx_wait_timeout                                      | 28800           |
| mysqlx_write_timeout                                     | 60              |
| mysqlx_zstd_default_compression_level                    | 3               |
| mysqlx_zstd_max_client_compression_level                 | 11              |
| net_buffer_length                                        | 16384           |
| net_read_timeout                                         | 30              |
| net_retry_count                                          | 10              |
| net_write_timeout                                        | 60              |
| new                                                      | OFF             |
| ngram_token_size                                         | 2               |
| offline_mode                                             | OFF             |
| old                                                      | OFF             |
| old_alter_table                                          | OFF             |
| open_files_limit                                         | 10000           |
| optimizer_max_subgraph_pairs                             | 100000          |
| optimizer_prune_level                                    | 1               |
| optimizer_search_depth                                   | 62              |
| optimizer_switch                                         | index_merge=on,index_merge_union=on,index_merge_sort_union=on,index_merge_intersection=on,engine_condition_pushdown=on,index_condition_pushdown=on,mrr=on,mrr_cost_based=on,block_nested_loop=on,batched_key_access=off,materialization=on,semijoin=on,loosescan=on,firstmatch=on,duplicateweedout=on,subquery_materialization_cost_based=on,use_index_extensions=on,condition_fanout_filter=on,derived_merge=on,use_invisible_indexes=off,skip_scan=on,hash_join=on,subquery_to_derived=off,prefer_ordering_index=on,hypergraph_optimizer=off,derived_condition_pushdown=on |
| optimizer_trace                                          | enabled=off,one_line=off                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
| optimizer_trace_features                                 | greedy_search=on,range_optimizer=on,dynamic_range=on,repeated_subselect=on                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
| optimizer_trace_limit                                    | 1               |
| optimizer_trace_max_mem_size                             | 1048576         |
| optimizer_trace_offset                                   | -1              |
| original_commit_timestamp                                | 36028797018963968                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| original_server_version                                  | 999999          |
| parser_max_mem_size                                      | 18446744073709551615                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
| partial_revokes                                          | OFF             |
| password_history                                         | 0               |
| password_require_current                                 | OFF             |
| password_reuse_interval                                  | 0               |
| performance_schema                                       | ON              |
| performance_schema_accounts_size                         | -1              |
| performance_schema_digests_size                          | 10000           |
| performance_schema_error_size                            | 5293            |
| performance_schema_events_stages_history_long_size       | 10000           |
| performance_schema_events_stages_history_size            | 10              |
| performance_schema_events_statements_history_long_size   | 10000           |
| performance_schema_events_statements_history_size        | 10              |
| performance_schema_events_transactions_history_long_size | 10000           |
| performance_schema_events_transactions_history_size      | 10              |
| performance_schema_events_waits_history_long_size        | 10000           |
| performance_schema_events_waits_history_size             | 10              |
| performance_schema_hosts_size                            | -1              |
| performance_schema_max_cond_classes                      | 150             |
| performance_schema_max_cond_instances                    | -1              |
| performance_schema_max_digest_length                     | 1024            |
| performance_schema_max_digest_sample_age                 | 60              |
| performance_schema_max_file_classes                      | 80              |
| performance_schema_max_file_handles                      | 32768           |
| performance_schema_max_file_instances                    | -1              |
| performance_schema_max_index_stat                        | -1              |
| performance_schema_max_memory_classes                    | 450             |
| performance_schema_max_metadata_locks                    | -1              |
| performance_schema_max_mutex_classes                     | 350             |
| performance_schema_max_mutex_instances                   | -1              |
| performance_schema_max_prepared_statements_instances     | -1              |
| performance_schema_max_program_instances                 | -1              |
| performance_schema_max_rwlock_classes                    | 60              |
| performance_schema_max_rwlock_instances                  | -1              |
| performance_schema_max_socket_classes                    | 10              |
| performance_schema_max_socket_instances                  | -1              |
| performance_schema_max_sql_text_length                   | 1024            |
| performance_schema_max_stage_classes                     | 175             |
| performance_schema_max_statement_classes                 | 219             |
| performance_schema_max_statement_stack                   | 10              |
| performance_schema_max_table_handles                     | -1              |
| performance_schema_max_table_instances                   | -1              |
| performance_schema_max_table_lock_stat                   | -1              |
| performance_schema_max_thread_classes                    | 100             |
| performance_schema_max_thread_instances                  | -1              |
| performance_schema_session_connect_attrs_size            | 512             |
| performance_schema_setup_actors_size                     | -1              |
| performance_schema_setup_objects_size                    | -1              |
| performance_schema_show_processlist                      | OFF             |
| performance_schema_users_size                            | -1              |
| persist_only_admin_x509_subject                          |                 |
| persist_sensitive_variables_in_plaintext                 | ON              |
| persisted_globals_load                                   | ON              |
| pid_file                                                 | /var/lib/mysql/mysql-vm.pid                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| plugin_dir                                               | /usr/lib/mysql/plugin/                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
| port                                                     | 3306            |
| preload_buffer_size                                      | 32768           |
| print_identified_with_as_hex                             | OFF             |
| profiling                                                | OFF             |
| profiling_history_size                                   | 15              |
| protocol_compression_algorithms                          | zlib,zstd,uncompressed                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
| protocol_version                                         | 10              |
| proxy_user                                               |                 |
| pseudo_replica_mode                                      | OFF             |
| pseudo_slave_mode                                        | OFF             |
| pseudo_thread_id                                         | 16              |
| query_alloc_block_size                                   | 8192            |
| query_prealloc_size                                      | 8192            |
| rand_seed1                                               | 0               |
| rand_seed2                                               | 0               |
| range_alloc_block_size                                   | 4096            |
| range_optimizer_max_mem_size                             | 8388608         |
| rbr_exec_mode                                            | STRICT          |
| read_buffer_size                                         | 131072          |
| read_only                                                | OFF             |
| read_rnd_buffer_size                                     | 262144          |
| regexp_stack_limit                                       | 8000000         |
| regexp_time_limit                                        | 32              |
| relay_log                                                | mysql-vm-relay-bin                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
| relay_log_basename                                       | /var/lib/mysql/mysql-vm-relay-bin                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| relay_log_index                                          | /var/lib/mysql/mysql-vm-relay-bin.index                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
| relay_log_info_file                                      | relay-log.info  |
| relay_log_info_repository                                | TABLE           |
| relay_log_purge                                          | ON              |
| relay_log_recovery                                       | OFF             |
| relay_log_space_limit                                    | 0               |
| replica_allow_batching                                   | ON              |
| replica_checkpoint_group                                 | 512             |
| replica_checkpoint_period                                | 300             |
| replica_compressed_protocol                              | OFF             |
| replica_exec_mode                                        | STRICT          |
| replica_load_tmpdir                                      | /tmp            |
| replica_max_allowed_packet                               | 1073741824      |
| replica_net_timeout                                      | 60              |
| replica_parallel_type                                    | LOGICAL_CLOCK   |
| replica_parallel_workers                                 | 4               |
| replica_pending_jobs_size_max                            | 134217728       |
| replica_preserve_commit_order                            | ON              |
| replica_skip_errors                                      | OFF             |
| replica_sql_verify_checksum                              | ON              |
| replica_transaction_retries                              | 10              |
| replica_type_conversions                                 |                 |
| replication_optimize_for_static_plugin_config            | OFF             |
| replication_sender_observe_commit_only                   | OFF             |
| report_host                                              |                 |
| report_password                                          |                 |
| report_port                                              | 3306            |
| report_user                                              |                 |
| require_row_format                                       | OFF             |
| require_secure_transport                                 | OFF             |
| resultset_metadata                                       | FULL            |
| rpl_read_size                                            | 8192            |
| rpl_stop_replica_timeout                                 | 31536000        |
| rpl_stop_slave_timeout                                   | 31536000        |
| schema_definition_cache                                  | 256             |
| secondary_engine_cost_threshold                          | 100000.000000   |
| secure_file_priv                                         | /var/lib/mysql-files/                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
| select_into_buffer_size                                  | 131072          |
| select_into_disk_sync                                    | OFF             |
| select_into_disk_sync_delay                              | 0               |
| server_id                                                | 1               |
| server_id_bits                                           | 32              |
| server_uuid                                              | 804ee668-cb71-11ed-a81a-525400b409f6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
| session_track_gtids                                      | OFF             |
| session_track_schema                                     | ON              |
| session_track_state_change                               | OFF             |
| session_track_system_variables                           | time_zone,autocommit,character_set_client,character_set_results,character_set_connection                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
| session_track_transaction_info                           | OFF             |
| sha256_password_auto_generate_rsa_keys                   | ON              |
| sha256_password_private_key_path                         | private_key.pem |
| sha256_password_proxy_users                              | OFF             |
| sha256_password_public_key_path                          | public_key.pem  |
| show_create_table_skip_secondary_engine                  | OFF             |
| show_create_table_verbosity                              | OFF             |
| show_gipk_in_create_table_and_information_schema         | ON              |
| show_old_temporals                                       | OFF             |
| skip_external_locking                                    | ON              |
| skip_name_resolve                                        | OFF             |
| skip_networking                                          | OFF             |
| skip_replica_start                                       | OFF             |
| skip_show_database                                       | OFF             |
| skip_slave_start                                         | OFF             |
| slave_allow_batching                                     | ON              |
| slave_checkpoint_group                                   | 512             |
| slave_checkpoint_period                                  | 300             |
| slave_compressed_protocol                                | OFF             |
| slave_exec_mode                                          | STRICT          |
| slave_load_tmpdir                                        | /tmp            |
| slave_max_allowed_packet                                 | 1073741824      |
| slave_net_timeout                                        | 60              |
| slave_parallel_type                                      | LOGICAL_CLOCK   |
| slave_parallel_workers                                   | 4               |
| slave_pending_jobs_size_max                              | 134217728       |
| slave_preserve_commit_order                              | ON              |
| slave_rows_search_algorithms                             | INDEX_SCAN,HASH_SCAN                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
| slave_skip_errors                                        | OFF             |
| slave_sql_verify_checksum                                | ON              |
| slave_transaction_retries                                | 10              |
| slave_type_conversions                                   |                 |
| slow_launch_time                                         | 2               |
| slow_query_log                                           | OFF             |
| slow_query_log_file                                      | /var/lib/mysql/mysql-vm-slow.log                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
| socket                                                   | /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| sort_buffer_size                                         | 262144          |
| source_verify_checksum                                   | OFF             |
| sql_auto_is_null                                         | OFF             |
| sql_big_selects                                          | ON              |
| sql_buffer_result                                        | OFF             |
| sql_generate_invisible_primary_key                       | OFF             |
| sql_log_bin                                              | ON              |
| sql_log_off                                              | OFF             |
| sql_mode                                                 | ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
| sql_notes                                                | ON              |
| sql_quote_show_create                                    | ON              |
| sql_replica_skip_counter                                 | 0               |
| sql_require_primary_key                                  | OFF             |
| sql_safe_updates                                         | OFF             |
| sql_select_limit                                         | 18446744073709551615                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
| sql_slave_skip_counter                                   | 0               |
| sql_warnings                                             | OFF             |
| ssl_ca                                                   | ca.pem          |
| ssl_capath                                               |                 |
| ssl_cert                                                 | server-cert.pem |
| ssl_cipher                                               |                 |
| ssl_crl                                                  |                 |
| ssl_crlpath                                              |                 |
| ssl_fips_mode                                            | OFF             |
| ssl_key                                                  | server-key.pem  |
| ssl_session_cache_mode                                   | ON              |
| ssl_session_cache_timeout                                | 300             |
| statement_id                                             | 32              |
| stored_program_cache                                     | 256             |
| stored_program_definition_cache                          | 256             |
| super_read_only                                          | OFF             |
| sync_binlog                                              | 1               |
| sync_master_info                                         | 10000           |
| sync_relay_log                                           | 10000           |
| sync_relay_log_info                                      | 10000           |
| sync_source_info                                         | 10000           |
| system_time_zone                                         | CST             |
| table_definition_cache                                   | 2000            |
| table_encryption_privilege_check                         | OFF             |
| table_open_cache                                         | 4000            |
| table_open_cache_instances                               | 16              |
| tablespace_definition_cache                              | 256             |
| temptable_max_mmap                                       | 1073741824      |
| temptable_max_ram                                        | 1073741824      |
| temptable_use_mmap                                       | ON              |
| terminology_use_previous                                 | NONE            |
| thread_cache_size                                        | 9               |
| thread_handling                                          | one-thread-per-connection                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
| thread_stack                                             | 1048576         |
| time_zone                                                | SYSTEM          |
| timestamp                                                | 1693529304.442532                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| tls_ciphersuites                                         |                 |
| tls_version                                              | TLSv1.2,TLSv1.3 |
| tmp_table_size                                           | 16777216        |
| tmpdir                                                   | /tmp            |
| transaction_alloc_block_size                             | 8192            |
| transaction_allow_batching                               | OFF             |
| transaction_isolation                                    | REPEATABLE-READ |
| transaction_prealloc_size                                | 4096            |
| transaction_read_only                                    | OFF             |
| transaction_write_set_extraction                         | XXHASH64        |
| unique_checks                                            | ON              |
| updatable_views_with_limit                               | YES             |
| use_secondary_engine                                     | ON              |
| version                                                  | 8.0.34-0ubuntu0.22.04.1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
| version_comment                                          | (Ubuntu)        |
| version_compile_machine                                  | x86_64          |
| version_compile_os                                       | Linux           |
| version_compile_zlib                                     | 1.2.13          |
| wait_timeout                                             | 28800           |
| warning_count                                            | 0               |
| windowing_use_high_precision                             | ON              |
| xa_detach_on_prepare                                     | ON              |
+----------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
656 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql>

参考

5.1.5 Server System Variable Reference
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-system-variable-reference.html
5.1.8 Server System Variables
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-system-variables.html

<think>嗯,用户想知道如何在MySQL中修改系统变量。我需要根据提供的引用内容来整理正确的步骤。首先,系统变量分为全局变量和会话变量,这点在引用里提到了。用户可能需要知道如何临时修改和永久修改的方法。 根据引用2,修改方式有两种:一种是修改配置文件,另一种是使用SET命令。临时修改的话用SET,全局或会话级别。比如SET GLOBAL或SET SESSION。但全局变量在重启后会失效,除非也修改配置文件,像引用4提到的在my.ini里添加配置。 然后,用户可能不清楚会话变量和全局变量的区别。引用5提到,使用SHOW VARIABLES默认是会话变量,得用SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES查看全局的。这点需要强调,避免用户修改后查询不到。 还有,持久化设置是MySQL 8.0的特性,引用2提到用SET PERSIST,这样修改后即使重启也有效。但用户可能用的不是8.0,所以得说明不同版本的方法差异。 另外,引用3指出系统变量是服务器层面的,由配置文件或编译参数决定初始值。用户修改前需要了解变量的作用,避免影响性能,这点在引用1里提到备份参数的重要性,需要提醒用户。 总结步骤应该是分临时修改和永久修改,分别说明全局和会话变量的设置方法,并提到持久化的选项。同时注意事项包括权限问题、作用范围、版本差异和备份配置。这样用户能清晰了解不同情况下的操作方式。</think>### 如何在 MySQL 中修改系统变量? 在 MySQL 中修改系统变量主要通过以下两种方式实现,具体分为 **临时修改** 和 **永久修改**,同时需区分 **全局变量** 和 **会话变量** 的作用范围。 --- #### 一、临时修改(服务运行时生效,重启后失效) 1. **修改全局变量** 全局变量(`GLOBAL`)对当前数据库的所有会话生效,但重启 MySQL 服务后恢复默认值。 语法: ```sql -- 方式1 SET @@global.变量名 = 值; -- 方式2 SET GLOBAL 变量名 = 值; ``` 示: ```sql SET GLOBAL max_connections = 200; -- 修改最大连接数 ``` 2. **修改会话变量** 会话变量(`SESSION` 或 `LOCAL`)仅对当前会话有效,其他会话不受影响。 语法: ```sql -- 方式1 SET @@session.变量名 = 值; -- 方式2 SET SESSION 变量名 = 值; ``` 示: ```sql SET SESSION wait_timeout = 30; -- 修改当前会话的超时时间 ``` --- #### 二、永久修改(需修改配置文件并重启服务) 通过修改 MySQL 的配置文件(如 `my.cnf` 或 `my.ini`),使变量在服务重启后仍生效: 1. 找到配置文件(位置因系统而异,如 Linux 在 `/etc/mysql/my.cnf`,Windows 在安装目录下)。 2. 在对应分组(如 `[mysqld]`)中添加或修改变量: ```ini [mysqld] max_connections = 200 default-storage-engine = InnoDB ``` 3. 重启 MySQL 服务使配置生效: ```bash service mysql restart # Linux net stop mysql && net start mysql # Windows ``` --- #### 三、MySQL 8.0 新增的持久化方法 从 MySQL 8.0 开始,支持通过 `SET PERSIST` 直接修改全局变量并持久化到配置文件(无需手动编辑文件): ```sql SET PERSIST max_connections = 200; -- 修改后立即生效,且重启仍保留 ``` --- #### 注意事项: 1. **权限要求**:修改全局变量需 `SUPER` 或 `SYSTEM_VARIABLES_ADMIN` 权限[^2]。 2. **作用范围**: - 全局变量影响所有会话,会话变量仅影响当前连接。 - 使用 `SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES` 查看全局变量,`SHOW SESSION VARIABLES` 查看会话变量[^5]。 3. **版本差异**:`SET PERSIST` 仅适用于 MySQL 8.0+。 4. **备份配置**:修改前建议备份当前变量值,防止配置错误导致性能问题[^1]。 --- ###
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