设计模式:工厂模式
工厂模式:是一种创建型模式,它提供了一种创建对象的最佳方式。在工厂模式中,我们创建对象时不会对客户端暴露创建逻辑,并且是通过使用一个共同的接口来指向新创建的对象。
工厂模式分为三种:
- 简单工厂模式
- 工厂方法模式
- 抽象工厂模式
简单工厂模式:
一个工厂,通过switch语句来提供不同类型的对象的创建。试用于规模固定,不容易发生产品变动。
缺点:不满足开放-封闭原则,当出现新产品的时候,需要在switch里加case语句
开放-封闭原则
- 开放原则:新版本设计时可以使用旧版本的代码
- 封闭原则:不能修改修版本的代码
class Fruit
{
public:
Fruit(string name) :mname(name){}
virtual void operation() = 0;//怎么吃
protected:
string mname;
};
class Apple :public Fruit
{
public:
Apple(string name) :Fruit(name){};
void operation()
{
cout << "this is an apple" << endl;
}
};
class Banana :public Fruit
{
public:
Banana(string name) :Fruit(name){};
void operation()
{
cout << "this is an banana" << endl;
}
};
class Factory{
public:
Fruit*createFruit(int flag)
{
switch (flag)
{
case 1:
return new Apple("apple");
break;
case 2:
return new Banana("banana");
break;
default:
return NULL;
break;
}
}
};
int main()
{
Factory fr;
Fruit*pf = fr.createFruit(1);
pf->operation();
return 0;
}
工厂方法模式:
多个工厂,每个工厂生产对应的产品(提供不同类型的对象的创建)。当有新产品的时候,只需要新增产品类和工厂类就可以了。
class Fruit
{
public:
Fruit(string name) :mname(name){}
virtual void operation() = 0;//怎么吃
protected:
string mname;
};
class Apple :public Fruit
{
public:
Apple(string name) :Fruit(name){};
void operation()
{
cout << "this is an apple" << endl;
}
};
class Banana :public Fruit
{
public:
Banana(string name) :Fruit(name){};
void operation()
{
cout << "this is an banana" << endl;
}
};
class Factory{
public:
Factory(string name) :mname(name){}
virtual Fruit*createFruit() =0;
protected:
string mname;
};
class F1:public Factory
{
public:
F1(string name) :Factory(name){}
virtual Fruit*createFruit()
{
return new Apple("apple");
}
};
class F2:public Factory
{
public:
F2(string name) :Factory(name){}
virtual Fruit*createFruit()
{
return new Banana("banana");
}
};
int main()
{
Factory* pfa = new F1("f1");
Fruit *pf=pfa->createFruit();
pf->operation();
return 0;
}
抽象工厂模式:
多系列产品,多系列工厂,通过工厂需要不同系列的产品而调用多个类的构造。
给个例子:
A类负责屏幕的生产:13.5寸的屏幕和15.6寸的屏幕
B类负责外壳的生产:13.5寸的外壳和15.6寸的外壳
工厂1负责13.5寸电脑的生产
工厂2负责15.6寸电脑的生产
class A
{
public:
A(string name) :mname(name){}
virtual void operation() = 0;
protected:
string mname;
};
class A1 :public A
{
public:
A1(string name) :A(name){}
void operation()
{
cout << "a1" << endl;
}
};
class A2 :public A
{
public:
A2(string name) :A(name){}
void operation() {
cout << "a2" << endl;
}
};
class B
{
public:
B(string name) :mname(name){}
virtual void operation() = 0;
protected:
string mname;
};
class B1 :public B
{
public:
B1(string name) :B(name){}
void operation()
{
cout << "b1" << endl;
}
};
class B2 :public B
{
public:
B2(string name) :B(name){}
void operation()
{
cout << "b2" << endl;
}
};
class ABstractFactory
{
public:
ABstractFactory(string name) :mname(name){}
virtual A* createA() = 0;
virtual B* createB() = 0;
protected:
string mname;
};
class Factory_1 :public ABstractFactory
{
public:
Factory_1(string name) :ABstractFactory(name){}
virtual A* createA()
{
return new A1("a1");
}
virtual B* createB()
{
return new B1("b1");
}
};
class Factory_2 :public ABstractFactory
{
public:
Factory_2(string name) :ABstractFactory(name){}
virtual A* createA()
{
return new A2("a2");
}
virtual B* createB()
{
return new B2("b2");
}
};
int main()
{
ABstractFactory *paf =new Factory_1("f1");
A*pa = paf->createA();
B*pb = paf->createB();
pa->operation();
pb->operation();
return 0;
}