linux下用户空间操作物理内存地址

用户空间下通过将物理地址进行映射后进行读写操作，方便驱动调试。代码dev_mem.c如下：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>

#define FATAL do { fprintf(stderr, "Error at line %d, file %s (%d) [%s]\n", \
  __LINE__, __FILE__, errno, strerror(errno)); exit(1); } while(0)

#define MAP_SIZE 4096UL
#define MAP_MASK (MAP_SIZE - 1)

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    int fd;
    void *map_base, *virt_addr; 
    unsigned long read_result, writeval;
	unsigned long read_result2 = 0;
	char *pBuf;
    off_t target;
    int access_type = 'w';
	int i = 0;
	
    if(argc < 2) {//若参数个数少于两个则打印此工具的使用方法
        fprintf(stderr, "\nUsage:\t%s { address } [ type [ data ] ]\n"
            "\taddress : memory address to act upon\n"
            "\ttype    : access operation type : [b]yte, [h]alfword, [w]ord\n"
            "\tdata    : data to be written\n\n",
            argv[0]);
        exit(1);
    }
    target = strtoul(argv[1], 0, 0);

    if(argc > 2)
        access_type = tolower(argv[2][0]);


    if((fd = open("/dev/mem", O_RDWR | O_SYNC)) == -1) FATAL;
    printf("/dev/mem opened.\n"); 
    fflush(stdout);

    /* Map one page */ //将内核空间映射到用户空间
    map_base = mmap(0, MAP_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, target & ~MAP_MASK);
    if(map_base == (void *) -1) FATAL;
    printf("Memory mapped at address %p.\n", map_base); 
    fflush(stdout);

    virt_addr = map_base + (target & MAP_MASK);
    //针对不同的参数获取不同类型内存数据
	 switch(access_type) {
        case 'b':
            read_result = *((unsigned char *) virt_addr);
            break;
        case 'h':
            read_result = *((unsigned short *) virt_addr);
            break;
        case 'w':
            read_result = *((unsigned int *) virt_addr);
            break;
		case 'l':
            read_result = *((unsigned int *) virt_addr);
			pBuf = (char *)virt_addr;
			break;
        default:
            fprintf(stderr, "Illegal data type '%c'.\n", access_type);
            exit(2);
    }
	if(access_type == 'l')
	{
		for(i=0;i<64;i++)
		{
			if(i%4 == 0)
			{
				if(i != 0)
				{
					printf("\n");
				}
				printf("0x%04x ",i);
			}
			
            read_result = *((unsigned int *) pBuf);
			printf("0x%08x ",read_result);
			pBuf = pBuf+4;
			
		}
		printf("\n");
	}
	else
	{
    	printf("Value at address 0x%X (%p): 0x%08X \n", target, virt_addr, read_result); 
	}
	
    fflush(stdout);
    //若参数大于3个，则说明为写入操作，针对不同参数写入不同类型的数据
    if(argc > 3) {
        writeval = strtoul(argv[3], 0, 0);
        switch(access_type) {
            case 'b':
                *((unsigned char *) virt_addr) = writeval;
                read_result = *((unsigned char *) virt_addr);
                break;
            case 'h':
                *((unsigned short *) virt_addr) = writeval;
                read_result = *((unsigned short *) virt_addr);
                break;
            case 'w':
                *((unsigned long *) virt_addr) = writeval;
                read_result = *((unsigned long *) virt_addr);
                break;
        }
        printf("Written 0x%X; readback 0x%X\n", writeval, read_result); 
        fflush(stdout);
    }

    if(munmap(map_base, MAP_SIZE) == -1) FATAL;
    close(fd);
    return 0;
}

例如：gcc -o dev_mem dev_mem.c编译生成dev_mem后通过以下方式查看0x64000000物理地址内存数据：

dev_mem 0x64000000 l