Spring Boot运行原理

Spring Boot相比Spring4.X以前版本（Spring4.X之后版本也推荐使用Java配置简化配置XML）未使用新的技术，而是推荐使用Java配置，以简化项目中XML配置。
Spring Boot的核心@在于SpringBootApplication，该注解是一个组合注解，代码如下：

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = {
        @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
        @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
public @interface SpringBootApplication {
    @AliasFor(annotation = EnableAutoConfiguration.class)
    Class<?>[] exclude() default {};
    @AliasFor(annotation = EnableAutoConfiguration.class)
    String[] excludeName() default {};
    @AliasFor(annotation = ComponentScan.class, attribute = "basePackages")
    String[] scanBasePackages() default {};
    @AliasFor(annotation = ComponentScan.class, attribute = "basePackageClasses")
    Class<?>[] scanBasePackageClasses() default {};

}

该注解的核心功能是由@EnableAutoConfiguration注解提供的，@EnableAutoConfiguration注解的源码如下

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {
    String ENABLED_OVERRIDE_PROPERTY = "spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration";
    Class<?>[] exclude() default {};
    String[] excludeName() default {};
}

这里的关键功能是@Import注解导入的配置功能，EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector使用SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames方法来扫描具有META-INF/spring.factories文件的jar包，而我们的spring-boot-autoconfigurer-*.jar里就有一个spring.factories文件，此文件中声明了一些自动配置的配置项：

    protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata,
            AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
        List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(
                getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), getBeanClassLoader());
        Assert.notEmpty(configurations,
                "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you "
                        + "are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct.");
        return configurations;
    }

    protected Class<?> getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass() {
        return EnableAutoConfiguration.class;
    }

spring.factories配置文件中自动配置的选项如下：

# Initializers
org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SharedMetadataReaderFactoryContextInitializer,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.logging.ConditionEvaluationReportLoggingListener

# Application Listeners
org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.BackgroundPreinitializer

# Auto Configuration Import Listeners
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfigurationImportListener=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionEvaluationReportAutoConfigurationImportListener

# Auto Configuration Import Filters
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfigurationImportFilter=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.OnClassCondition

# Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cloud.CloudAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.couchbase.CouchbaseAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.dao.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.solr.SolrRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisReactiveAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.rest.RepositoryRestMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.web.SpringDataWebAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.jest.JestAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hateoas.HypermediaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastJpaDependencyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.codec.CodecsAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.influx.InfluxDbAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.XADataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JndiConnectionFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.artemis.ArtemisAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.JooqAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jsonb.JsonbAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.kafka.KafkaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.embedded.EmbeddedLdapAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.LdapAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderValidatorAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.embedded.EmbeddedMongoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoReactiveAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.quartz.QuartzAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.reactor.core.ReactorCoreAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.UserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveSecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveUserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sendgrid.SendGridAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.SessionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.OAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.solr.SolrAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.jta.JtaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.ValidationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.client.RestTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.embedded.EmbeddedWebServerFactoryCustomizerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.HttpHandlerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.ReactiveWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.WebFluxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.error.ErrorWebFluxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.WebClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.reactive.WebSocketReactiveAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketServletAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguration

# Failure analyzers
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.FailureAnalyzer=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.diagnostics.analyzer.NoSuchBeanDefinitionFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceBeanCreationFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.HikariDriverConfigurationFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.NonUniqueSessionRepositoryFailureAnalyzer

# Template availability providers
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.template.TemplateAvailabilityProvider=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerTemplateAvailabilityProvider,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheTemplateAvailabilityProvider,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAvailabilityProvider,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafTemplateAvailabilityProvider,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.JspTemplateAvailabilityProvider

在上面任意一个AutoConfiguration文件中，一般都有下面的条件注解，在spring-boot-autoconfigure-*.jar的org.springframwork.boot.autoconfigure.condition包下，条件注解如下：

 - @Condition        当容器里有指定Bean的条件下
 - @ConditionalOnClass       当类路径下有指定的类的条件下
 - @ConditionalOnExpression   基于SpEL表达式作为判断条件
 - @ConditionalOnJava         基于JVM版本作为判断条件
 - @ConditionalOnJndi         在JNDI存在的条件下查找指定的位置
 - @ConditionalOnMissingBean   当容器里没有指定Bean的情况下
 - @ConditionalONMissingClass   当类路径下没有指定的类的条件下
 - @ConditionalOnNotWebApplication 当前象模不是Web项目的条件下
 - @ConditionalOnProperty         指定的属性是否有指定的值
 - @ConditionalOnResource        类路径是否有指定的值
 - @ConditionalOnSingleCandidate   当指定Bean在容器中只有一个，或者虽然有多个但是指定首选的Bean
 - @ConditionalOnWebApplication    当前项目是Web项目的条件下

这些注解都是组合了@Conditional元注解，只是使用了不同的条件（Condition)。
例如@ConditionalOnJava注解源码如下：

@Target({ ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD })
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Conditional(OnJavaCondition.class)
public @interface ConditionalOnJava {

    /**
     * Configures whether the value configured in {@link #value()} shall be considered the
     * upper exclusive or lower inclusive boundary. Defaults to
     * {@link Range#EQUAL_OR_NEWER}.
     * @return the range
     */
    Range range() default Range.EQUAL_OR_NEWER;

    /**
     * The {@link JavaVersion} to check for. Use {@link #range()} to specify whether the
     * configured value is an upper-exclusive or lower-inclusive boundary.
     * @return the java version
     */
    JavaVersion value();

    /**
     * Range options.
     */
    enum Range {

        /**
         * Equal to, or newer than the specified {@link JavaVersion}.
         */
        EQUAL_OR_NEWER,

        /**
         * Older than the specified {@link JavaVersion}.
         */
        OLDER_THAN

    }

}

从源码可以看出此注解使用的条件是OnJavaCondition，下面我们来看看这个条件是如何构造的

@Order(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 20)
class OnJavaCondition extends SpringBootCondition {

    private static final JavaVersion JVM_VERSION = JavaVersion.getJavaVersion();//获取当前使用的JVM版本号

    @Override
    public ConditionOutcome getMatchOutcome(ConditionContext context,
            AnnotatedTypeMetadata metadata) {
        Map<String, Object> attributes = metadata
                .getAnnotationAttributes(ConditionalOnJava.class.getName());
        Range range = (Range) attributes.get("range");
        JavaVersion version = (JavaVersion) attributes.get("value");
        return getMatchOutcome(range, JVM_VERSION, version);
    }

    protected ConditionOutcome getMatchOutcome(Range range, JavaVersion runningVersion,
            JavaVersion version) {
        boolean match = isWithin(runningVersion, range, version);
        String expected = String.format(
                range == Range.EQUAL_OR_NEWER ? "(%s or newer)" : "(older than %s)",
                version);
        ConditionMessage message = ConditionMessage
                .forCondition(ConditionalOnJava.class, expected)
                .foundExactly(runningVersion);
        return new ConditionOutcome(match, message);
    }

    /**
     * Determines if the {@code runningVersion} is within the specified range of versions.
     * @param runningVersion the current version.
     * @param range the range
     * @param version the bounds of the range
     * @return if this version is within the specified range
     */
    private boolean isWithin(JavaVersion runningVersion, Range range,/*Range是定义于ConditionalOnJava中的枚举*/
            JavaVersion version) {
        if (range == Range.EQUAL_OR_NEWER) {
            return runningVersion.isEqualOrNewerThan(version);
        }
        if (range == Range.OLDER_THAN) {
            return runningVersion.isOlderThan(version);
        }
        throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown range " + range);
    }

}

其中JavaVersion类实现如下：

public enum JavaVersion {

    /**
     * Java 1.8.
     */
    EIGHT("1.8", "java.util.function.Function"),

    /**
     * Java 1.9.
     */
    NINE("1.9", "java.security.cert.URICertStoreParameters");

    private final String name;

    private final boolean available;

    JavaVersion(String name, String className) {
        this.name = name;
        this.available = ClassUtils.isPresent(className, getClass().getClassLoader());
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return this.name;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the {@link JavaVersion} of the current runtime.
     * @return the {@link JavaVersion}
     */
    public static JavaVersion getJavaVersion() {
        List<JavaVersion> candidates = Arrays.asList(JavaVersion.values());
        Collections.reverse(candidates);
        for (JavaVersion candidate : candidates) {
            if (candidate.available) {
                return candidate;
            }
        }
        return EIGHT;
    }

    /**
     * Return if this version is equal to or newer than a given version.
     * @param version the version to compare
     * @return {@code true} if this version is equal to or newer than {@code version}
     */
    public boolean isEqualOrNewerThan(JavaVersion version) {
        return compareTo(version) >= 0;
    }

    /**
     * Return if this version is older than a given version.
     * @param version the version to compare
     * @return {@code true} if this version is older than {@code version}
     */
    public boolean isOlderThan(JavaVersion version) {
        return compareTo(version) < 0;
    }

}

从源码实现中可以看出，@ConditionalOnJava注解的核心实现是在于判断当前JVM版本号是比指定版本号新还是比指定版本号老。

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文章参考《JavaEE开发的颠覆者 Spring Boot实战》 汪云飞编著