D. Bad Luck Island
The Bad Luck Island is inhabited by three kinds of species: r rocks, s scissors and p papers. At some moments of time two random individuals meet (all pairs of individuals can meet equiprobably), and if they belong to different species, then one individual kills the other one: a rock kills scissors, scissors kill paper, and paper kills a rock. Your task is to determine for each species what is the probability that this species will be the only one to inhabit this island after a long enough period of time.
The single line contains three integers r, s and p (1 ≤ r, s, p ≤ 100) — the original number of individuals in the species of rock, scissors and paper, respectively.
Print three space-separated real numbers: the probabilities, at which the rocks, the scissors and the paper will be the only surviving species, respectively. The answer will be considered correct if the relative or absolute error of each number doesn't exceed 10 - 9.
2 2 2
0.333333333333 0.333333333333 0.333333333333
2 1 2
0.150000000000 0.300000000000 0.550000000000
1 1 3
0.057142857143 0.657142857143 0.285714285714
思路:概率dp。本来以为有公式可以推到,但是想想不可能。dp[i][j][k],i,j,k分别表示包剪锤数量,i*j+i*k+j*k是总的相遇情况,又因为两种物种相遇死亡方已知,所以可以用i*j/(i*j+i*k+j*k)来表示概率。接下来就是dp
#include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
double dp[128][128][128];
int main(){
int r, s, p;
cin >> r >> s >> p;
for(int i = 1; i <= 127; i++)
for(int j = 0; j <= 127; j++)
dp[i][j][0] = 1;
for(int i = 1; i <= 127; i++)
for(int j = 1; j <= 127; j++)
for(int k = 1; k <= 127; k++){
double p = i*j + j*k + i*k;//总情况数;
dp[i][j][k] += i*k*dp[i - 1][j][k];
dp[i][j][k] += i*j*dp[i][j - 1][k];
dp[i][j][k] += j*k*dp[i][j][k - 1];
dp[i][j][k] /= p;
}
printf("%.12lf %.12lf %.12lf\n", dp[r][s][p], dp[s][p][r], dp[p][r][s]);
return 0;
}