CentOS系统如何安装Nginx+PHP+MySQL

最新推荐文章于 2023-06-24 14:00:53 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-06-24 14:00:53 发布

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系统环境：Centos5.4 X86 (VPS 内存128M)

发现很多VPS用LNMP一键安装包都失败,又不能排错,唯有给出教程,一步一步教你安装,所谓授人于鱼不如授人于渔嘛,本文是在CentOS 5.4 操作系统下测试通过的,用的是32位系统,为什么要用32位系统?就是为了节省内存,VPS内存都不是很多的,纯32位系统比X86_X64兼用32位系统更省内存.

安装步骤:

1,升级系统和安装相关的程序库

yum -y install yum-fastestmirror
yum -y update
yum -y install patch make gcc gcc-c++ gcc-g77 flex bison
yum -y install libtool libtool-libs kernel-devel autoconf
yum -y install libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel
yum -y install freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel
yum -y install glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 diff*
yum -y install bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs
yum -y install e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel
yum -y install openssl openssl-devel vim-minimal
yum -y install fonts-chinese scim-chewing scim-pinyin scim-tables-chinese

2,下载相关程序源码包

wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
wget http://mysql.mirror.tw/Downloads/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.45.tar.gz
wget http://php-fpm.org/downloads/php-5.2.13-fpm-0.5.13.diff.gz
wget http://www.sfr-fresh.com/unix/www/php-5.2.13.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/eaccelerator-0.9.6.tar.bz2
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-x86_64.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/pcre-8.01.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/nginx-0.7.65.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/phpMyAdmin-3.2.4-all-languages.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/index.php

3,开始安装,先安装PHP需要的库程序
tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.13.1/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../

tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config

tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

4,安装mysql

tar -zxvf mysql-5.1.45.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.1.45
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile
make && make install
cd ../

创建MySQL数据库,用默认的配置my.cnf

groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql
cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
chown -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/var
chgrp -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/.

添加Mysql启动服务,并且设置root密码

cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysql
chkconfig --level 345 mysql on
echo "/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
echo "/usr/local/lib" >>/etc/ld.so.conf
ldconfig
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql /usr/lib/mysql
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/mysql /usr/include/mysql
service mysql start
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password root //root改为你需要的密码
service mysql restart

5,安装PHP（FastCGI模式）

tar zxvf php-5.2.13.tar.gz
gzip -cd php-5.2.13-fpm-0.5.13.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.13 -p1
cd php-5.2.13/
./buildconf --force
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-ftp
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../

6,安装PHP扩展模块
tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.5/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql
make
make install
cd ../

tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.6/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

安装Zend Optimizer,32位系统版本

tar zxvf ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gz
mkdir -p /usr/local/zend/
cp ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386/data/5_2_x_comp/ZendOptimizer.so /usr/local/zend/

如果是64位系统,则

tar zxvf ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-x86_64.tar.gz
mkdir -p /usr/local/zend/
cp ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-x86_64/data/5_2_x_comp/ZendOptimizer.so /usr/local/zend/

配置php.ini

cat >>/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini<<EOF
[Zend Optimizer]
zend_optimizer.optimization_level=1
zend_extension="/usr/local/zend/ZendOptimizer.so"
EOF

7,修改php.ini文件
手工修改：查找/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：
extension = "memcache.so"
extension = "pdo_mysql.so"

再查找 output_buffering = Off
修改为output_buffering = On

自动修改:可执行以下shell命令,自动完成对php.ini文件的修改:

sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"nextension = "memcache.so"nextension = "pdo_mysql.so"n#' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

8,配置eAccelerator加速PHP:
创建缓存目录

mkdir -p /usr/local/eaccelerator_cache

配置php.ini

cat >>/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini<<EOF
[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="1"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
eaccelerator.keys = "disk_only"
eaccelerator.sessions = "disk_only"
eaccelerator.content = "disk_only"
EOF

9,创建www用户和组,以及主机需要的目录,日志目录

groupadd www
useradd -g www www
mkdir -p /home/www
chmod +w /home/www
mkdir -p /home/www/logs
chmod 777 /home/www/logs
chown -R www:www /home/www

10,创建php-fpm配置文件

rm -f /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

输入以下内容,我设置开的进程是5个.需要更改进程数,可以修改5
  All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix
    Pid file
    /usr/local/php/logs/php-fpm.pid
    Error log file
    /home/www/logs/php-fpm.log
    Log level
    notice
    When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...
    10
    ... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.
    Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.
    1m
    Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master
    5s
    Set to 'no' to debug fpm
    yes
      Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.
      default
      Address to accept fastcgi requests on.
      Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'
      /tmp/php-cgi.sock
        Set listen(2) backlog
        -1
        Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.
        In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.
        Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.
        www
        www
        0666

      Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.
      <value name="php_defines">
        <value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>
        <value name="display_errors">0</value>
      </value>

      Unix user of processes
    <value name="user">www</value>
      Unix group of processes
    <value name="group">www</value>
      Process manager settings
      <value name="pm">
        Sets style of controling worker process count.
        Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'
        <value name="style">static</value>
        Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.
        Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.
        Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi
        Used with any pm_style.
        <value name="max_children">5</value>
        Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style
        <value name="apache_like">
          Sets the number of server processes created on startup.
          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
          <value name="StartServers">20</value>
          Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.
          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
          <value name="MinSpareServers">5</value>
          Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.
          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
          <value name="MaxSpareServers">35</value>
        </value>
      </value>
      The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated
      Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason
      '0s' means 'off'
      <value name="request_terminate_timeout">0s</value>
      The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file
      '0s' means 'off'
      <value name="request_slowlog_timeout">0s</value>
      The log file for slow requests
      <value name="slowlog">logs/slow.log</value>
      Set open file desc rlimit
      <value name="rlimit_files">65535</value>
      Set max core size rlimit
      <value name="rlimit_core">0</value>
      Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path
      <value name="chroot"></value>
      Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path
      <value name="chdir"></value>
      Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.
      If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs
      <value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value>
      How much requests each process should execute before respawn.
      Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.
      For endless request processing please specify 0
      Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
      <value name="max_requests">102400</value>
      Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.
      Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)
      Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.
      <value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>
      Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH
      All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment
      <value name="environment">
        <value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value>
        <value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>
        <value name="TMP">/tmp</value>
        <value name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value>
        <value name="TEMP">/tmp</value>
        <value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value>
        <value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value>
        <value name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value>
      </value>
    </section>
  </workers>
</configuration>

11,启动php-cgi进程,监听127.0.0.1的9000端口,进程数为5,用户为www

ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start

12,安装Nginx

tar zxvf pcre-8.01.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.01/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../

tar zxvf nginx-0.7.65.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.7.65/
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_gzip_static_module
make && make install
cd ../

13,创建Nginx配置文件

mkdir -p /usr/local/nginx/conf/servers
rm -f /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

输入以下内容:
user  www www;
worker_processes 1;
error_log  /home/www/logs/nginx_error.log  crit;
pid        /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
events
  {
    use epoll;
    worker_connections 65535;
  }
http
  {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    #charse  gb2312;
    server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
    client_header_buffer_size 128k;
    large_client_header_buffers 4 256k;
    client_max_body_size 8m;
    sendfile on;
    tcp_nopush     on;
    keepalive_timeout 60;
    tcp_nodelay on;

    fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
    fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
    fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
    fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
    fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
    fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
    fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

    gzip on;
    gzip_min_length  1k;
    gzip_buffers     4 16k;
    gzip_http_version 1.1;
    gzip_comp_level 9;
    gzip_types       text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
    gzip_vary on;
    output_buffers   4 32k;
    postpone_output  1460;

#limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;

server
  {
    listen       80;
    server_name www.7dot.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    include location.conf;
    root  /home/www;
  }
    include servers/*;
}

14,在/usr/local/nginx/conf/目录中创建location.conf文件：

vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/location.conf

输入内容:
location ~ .*.(php|php5)?$
  {
  fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
  #fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
  fastcgi_index index.php;
  include fastcgi.conf;
  }

location ~ .*.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
  {
    expires      30d;
  }

location ~ .*.(js|css)?$
  {
    expires      12h;
  }

多站点管理,可以在/usr/local/nginx/conf/servers目录添加配置文件,格式为:

vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/servers/7dot.conf

内容:
server

  {
    listen       80;
    server_name 7dot.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root  /home/www/7dot;
  }

请注意,我是没有开启Nginx日志记录功能的.
启动Nginx:

ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

放个探针看看

mv index.php /home/www/

访问你的IP看看吧!

15,安装phpMyAdmin,管理Mysql数据库