Luo Weifeng 2011-8-27
The libevent API provides a mechanism to execute a callback function when a specific event occurs on a file descriptor or after a timeout has been reached. Furthermore, libevent also support callbacks due to signals or regular timeouts. |
摘录自官方:http://monkey.org/~provos/libevent/
libevent是什么?其实就是封装了诸如 poll select等的事件分发函数的一个事件分发处理库。 应用逻辑可以对指定时间指定事件处理程序, 支持的事件有: timeout, signal 和用户事件。 开发过linux 上网络应用程序的银儿应该很容易理解这个东西。 说白了就是一个大循环不停的检测各种注册了的事件, 如果某个事件发生了,就触发该事件的注册处理函数。
libevent的使用耶比较广泛, 从memcache等到 开源的一些 虚拟机通信, 云计算领域等。
下面看一个自带的demo:
/* This exmple program provides a trivial server program that listens for TCP connections on port 9995. When they arrive, it writes a short message to each client connection, and closes each connection once it is flushed. Where possible, it exits cleanly in response to a SIGINT (ctrl-c). */ #include <string.h> #include <errno.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <signal.h> #ifndef WIN32 #include <netinet/in.h> # ifdef _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED # include <arpa/inet.h> # endif #include <sys/socket.h> #endif #include <event2/bufferevent.h> #include <event2/buffer.h> #include <event2/listener.h> #include <event2/util.h> #include <event2/event.h> static const char MESSAGE[] = "Hello, World!\n"; static const int PORT = 9995; static void listener_cb(struct evconnlistener *, evutil_socket_t, struct sockaddr *, int socklen, void *); static void conn_writecb(struct bufferevent *, void *); static void conn_eventcb(struct bufferevent *, short, void *); static void signal_cb(evutil_socket_t, short, void *); int main(int argc, char **argv) { struct event_base *base; struct evconnlistener *listener; struct event *signal_event; struct sockaddr_in sin; #ifdef WIN32 WSADATA wsa_data; WSAStartup(0x0201, &wsa_data); #endif // eventbase 对象是所有event的管理者,维护了整个event系统的状态,队列,event堆等 base = event_base_new(); if (!base) { fprintf(stderr, "Could not initialize libevent!\n"); return 1; } // 标准 tcpsocket memset(&sin, 0, sizeof(sin)); sin.sin_family = AF_INET; sin.sin_port = htons(PORT); // 这里将网络事件注册到libevent中,由listener_cb 处理事件 listener = evconnlistener_new_bind(base, listener_cb, (void *)base, LEV_OPT_REUSEABLE|LEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE, -1, (struct sockaddr*)&sin, sizeof(sin)); if (!listener) { fprintf(stderr, "Could not create a listener!\n"); return 1; } // 这里创建的一个信号处理机制, 当出现SIGINT信号时使用signal_cb进行处理 signal_event = evsignal_new(base, SIGINT, signal_cb, (void *)base); // 将刚刚创建的信号处理注册到libevent处理中 if (!signal_event || event_add(signal_event, NULL)<0) { fprintf(stderr, "Could not create/add a signal event!\n"); return 1; } //这里应该是主要的分发大循环 event_base_dispatch(base); evconnlistener_free(listener); event_free(signal_event); event_base_free(base); printf("done\n"); return 0; } // 这应该是事件处理函数了 static void listener_cb(struct evconnlistener *listener, evutil_socket_t fd, struct sockaddr *sa, int socklen, void *user_data) { struct event_base *base = user_data; struct bufferevent *bev; bev = bufferevent_socket_new(base, fd, BEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE); if (!bev) { fprintf(stderr, "Error constructing bufferevent!"); event_base_loopbreak(base); return; } bufferevent_setcb(bev, NULL, conn_writecb, conn_eventcb, NULL); bufferevent_enable(bev, EV_WRITE); bufferevent_disable(bev, EV_READ); bufferevent_write(bev, MESSAGE, strlen(MESSAGE)); } static void conn_writecb(struct bufferevent *bev, void *user_data) { struct evbuffer *output = bufferevent_get_output(bev); if (evbuffer_get_length(output) == 0) { printf("flushed answer\n"); bufferevent_free(bev); } } static void conn_eventcb(struct bufferevent *bev, short events, void *user_data) { if (events & BEV_EVENT_EOF) { printf("Connection closed.\n"); } else if (events & BEV_EVENT_ERROR) { printf("Got an error on the connection: %s\n", strerror(errno));/*XXX win32*/ } /* None of the other events can happen here, since we haven't enabled * timeouts */ bufferevent_free(bev); } static void signal_cb(evutil_socket_t sig, short events, void *user_data) { struct event_base *base = user_data; struct timeval delay = { 2, 0 }; printf("Caught an interrupt signal; exiting cleanly in two seconds.\n"); event_base_loopexit(base, &delay); }
注意到这个例子非常的简单, 这里注册了两个类型的事件,一种是网络连接时间,当访问本地 localhost:9995 的时候,产生了一个connect事件,然后,由conn_event_cb 回调
函数进行处理,返回MESSAGE 这个字符串,在浏览器中能看见, signal_cb处理 SIGNAL_INT ,通俗的理解为Ctrol+C 。