Spring常用注解作用

一、常用注解作用

1.@ConfigurationProperties：读取配置文件的信息，自动封装成实体类

public @interface ConfigurationProperties {
    @AliasFor("prefix")
    String value() default "";
	//文件前缀
    @AliasFor("value")
    String prefix() default "";

    boolean ignoreInvalidFields() default false;
	//r如果为false，告诉Spring Boot在有属性不能匹配到声明的域的时候抛出异常
    boolean ignoreUnknownFields() default true;
}

2.@EnableConfigurationProperties :让使用 @ConfigurationProperties 注解的类生效。
 如果一个配置类只配置@ConfigurationProperties注解，而没有使用@Component，那么在IOC容器中是获取不到properties 配置文件转化的bean。所以 @EnableConfigurationProperties 相当于把使用 @ConfigurationProperties 的类进行了一次注入。

public @interface EnableConfigurationProperties {

	/**
	 * The bean name of the configuration properties validator.
	 * @since 2.2.0
	 */
	String VALIDATOR_BEAN_NAME = "configurationPropertiesValidator";

	/**
	 * Convenient way to quickly register
	 * {@link ConfigurationProperties @ConfigurationProperties} annotated beans with
	 * Spring. Standard Spring Beans will also be scanned regardless of this value.
	 * @return {@code @ConfigurationProperties} annotated beans to register
	 */
	Class<?>[] value() default {};

}

3.@ConditionalOnClass :当给定的在bean存在时,则实例化当前Bean

public @interface ConditionalOnClass {

	/**
	 * The classes that must be present. Since this annotation is parsed by loading class
	 * bytecode, it is safe to specify classes here that may ultimately not be on the
	 * classpath, only if this annotation is directly on the affected component and
	 * <b>not</b> if this annotation is used as a composed, meta-annotation. In order to
	 * use this annotation as a meta-annotation, only use the {@link #name} attribute.
	 * @return the classes that must be present
	 */
	Class<?>[] value() default {};

	/**
	 * The classes names that must be present.
	 * @return the class names that must be present.
	 */
	String[] name() default {};

}

4.@ConditionalOnMissingBean :当给定的在bean不存在时,则实例化当前Bean

5.@ConditionalOnClass(KafkaTemplate.class)：当给定的类名在类路径上存在，则实例化当前Bean
 通俗的说就是Spring工程中引用了Kafka的包 才会构建这个bean

public @interface ConditionalOnClass {

	/**
	 * The classes that must be present. Since this annotation is parsed by loading class
	 * bytecode, it is safe to specify classes here that may ultimately not be on the
	 * classpath, only if this annotation is directly on the affected component and
	 * <b>not</b> if this annotation is used as a composed, meta-annotation. In order to
	 * use this annotation as a meta-annotation, only use the {@link #name} attribute.
	 * @return the classes that must be present
	 */
	Class<?>[] value() default {};

	/**
	 * The classes names that must be present.
	 * @return the class names that must be present.
	 */
	String[] name() default {};

}

6.@ConditionalOnMissingClass：当给定的类名在类路径上不存在，则实例化当前Bean
7.@Primary：优先注入
8.@Value用法
　　　　① ${ property : default_value }
　　　　② #{ obj.property? :default_value }
　　　　第一个注入的是外部配置文件对应的property或者yml，第二个则是SpEL表达式对应的内容。
　　　　default_value，就是前面的值为空时的默认值
9.@PostConstruct：修饰的方法会在服务器加载Servlet的时候运行，并且只会被服务器执行一次。@PostConstruct在构造函数之后执行，init（）方法之前执行
@Constructor > @Autowired > @PostConstruct