详细理解KVC与KVO
在面试的时候,KVC与KVO有些时候还是会问到的,并且他们都是Objective C的关键概念黄色别墅,在这里我们先做一个简单地介绍:
(一)KVC:
KVC即指:NSKeyValueCoding,一个非正式的Protocol,提供一种机制来间326电影网接访问对象的属性。KVO就是基于KVC实现的关键技术之一。
一个对象拥有某些属性;比如说,一个Person对象有一个name和一个address属性,以KVC说法,Person对象分别有一个value对应他的name和sex的key;这里key只是一个字符串,他对应的值可以使任意类型的对象;从性喜剧最基础的从此上看,KVC有两个方法:一个是设置key的值,另一个是获取key的值;(示例代码如下:)
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void
changeName(Person *p, NSString *newName)
{
// using the KVC accessor (getter) method
NSString *originalName = [p valueForKey:
@"name"
];
// using the KVC accessor (setter) method.
[p setValue:newName forKey:
@"name"
];
NSLog(
@"Changed %@'s name to: %@"
, originalName, newName);
}
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现在,如果 Person 有另外一个 key 配偶(spouse),spouse 的 key 值是另一个 Person 对象,用 KVC 可以这样写(示例代码如下:)
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void
logMarriage(Person *p)
{
// just using the accessor again, same as example above
NSString *personsName = [p valueForKey:
@"name"
];
// this line is different, because it is using
// a "key path" instead of a normal "key"
NSString *spousesName = [p valueForKeyPath:
@"spouse.name"
];
NSLog(
@"%@ is happily married to %@"
, personsName, spousesName);
}
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key 与 key pat 要区分开来,key 可以从一个对象中获取值,而 key path 可以将多个 key 用点号 “.” 分割连接起来,比如:
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[p valueForKeyPath:
@"spouse.name"
];
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相当于这样……
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[[p valueForKey:
@"spouse"
] valueForKey:
@"name"
];
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(二)KVO:
KVO即指:Key-Value Observing建立在 KVC 之上,它能够观察一个对象的 KVC key path 值的变化。举个例子,用代码观察一个 person 对象的 address 变化,以下是实现的三个方法:
(1)watchPersonForChangeOfAddress: 实现观察;
(2)observeValueForKeyPath:ofObject:change:context: 在被观察的 key path 的值变化时调用;
(3)dealloc 停止观察。
(示例代码如下:)
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static
NSString *
const
KVO_CONTEXT_ADDRESS_CHANGED =
@"KVO_CONTEXT_ADDRESS_CHANGED"
@implementation PersonWatcher
-(
void
) watchPersonForChangeOfAddress:(Person *)p
{
// this begins the observing
[p addObserver:self
forKeyPath:
@"address"
options:0
context:KVO_CONTEXT_ADDRESS_CHANGED];
// keep a record of all the people being observed,
// because we need to stop observing them in dealloc
[m_observedPeople addObject:p];
}
// whenever an observed key path changes, this method will be called
- (
void
)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath
ofObject:(id)
object
change:(NSDictionary *)change
context:(
void
*)context
{
// use the context to make sure this is a change in the address,
// because we may also be observing other things
if
(context == KVO_CONTEXT_ADDRESS_CHANGED) {
NSString *name = [
object
valueForKey:
@"name"
];
NSString *address = [
object
valueForKey:
@"address"
];
NSLog(
@"%@ has a new address: %@"
, name, address);
}
}
-(
void
) dealloc;
{
// must stop observing everything before this object is
// deallocated, otherwise it will cause crashes
for
(Person *p
in
m_observedPeople){
[p removeObserver:self forKeyPath:
@"address"
];
}
[m_observedPeople release];
m_observedPeople = nil;
[super dealloc];
}
-(id) init;
{
if
(self = [super init]){
m_observedPeople = [NSMutableArray
new
];
}
return
self;
}
@end
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这就是 KVO 的作用,它通过 key path 观察对象的值,当值326影视发生变化的时候会收到通知。
(以上便是KVO和KVC的相关理解,还希望大家相互补充共同进步)