linux下对oracle备份

如题，在linux上装了数据库oracle，需要对数据进行备份。

这个命令其实网上很多，这里就说说怎么打linux命令。

登陆linux后，进入oracle的安装目录下，找到bin那个目录，进入bin目录。
我们可以先看一看这些命令的所有者：
ls -l

[root@callcenter bin]# 
[root@callcenter bin]# 
[root@callcenter bin]# pwd
/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin
[root@callcenter bin]# 
[root@callcenter bin]# 
[root@callcenter bin]# 
[root@callcenter bin]# ls -l
total 215932
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall     13093 Oct 20  2005 adapters
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      1891 Aug  9  2005 agentok.sh
-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall     95620 Aug 22 17:23 agtctl
-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 agtctlO
-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall      1542 Aug 22 17:16 aqxmlctl
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall      1542 Aug 22 17:07 aqxmlctl.ouibak
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall      6768 Nov  4  2004 aqxmlctl.pl
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      3099 Apr  5  2005 asmcmd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall    214856 May 21  2005 asmcmdcore
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      2434 Aug 22 17:16 bndlchk
-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall     63821 Mar 11  2008 cfo
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      2268 Aug 22 17:17 clscfg
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall    716197 Mar  1  2008 clscfg.bin
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      2268 Aug 22 17:17 clsfmt
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall    701777 Mar  1  2008 clsfmt.bin
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      2268 Aug 22 17:17 clsid
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall    627625 Mar  1  2008 clsid.bin
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall       736 Aug 22 17:17 cluvfy
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall       531 Aug 22 17:23 commonenv
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall        82 Oct 15  2004 commonenv.bat.template
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall       399 Aug 22 17:14 commonenv.ouibak
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall       504 Mar 30  2007 commonenv.template
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      2854 Jan  1  2000 coraenv
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      2268 Aug 22 17:17 crsctl
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall   3493325 Mar  1  2008 crsctl.bin
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall    368942 Feb  6  2008 csscan
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Jun 22  2005 csscanO
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall    570816 Feb  5  2008 ctxkbtc
-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall    480275 Aug 22 17:22 ctxlc
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 ctxlcO
-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall    226112 Aug 22 17:22 ctxload
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 ctxloadO
-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall     33359 Aug 22 17:23 cursize
-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 cursizeO
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      5595 Aug 22 17:23 dbca
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      5361 Aug 22 17:14 dbca.ouibak
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall     11160 Oct 13  2004 DBConsole.pm
-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall     13237 Aug 22 17:23 dbfsize
-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 dbfsizeO
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      2417 Jan  1  2000 dbhome
-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall      6582 Jan  1  2000 dbshut
-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall     14088 Jan  1  2000 dbstart
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      7232 Aug 22 17:17 dbua
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      6000 Aug 22 17:07 dbua.ouibak
-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall    383311 Aug 22 17:23 dbv
-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 dbvO
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      1348 Aug 22 17:17 deploync
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      1348 Aug 22 17:07 deploync.ouibak
-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall   2284665 Aug 22 17:23 dgmgrl
-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall   2284665 Aug 22 17:20 dgmgrlO
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      1201 Aug 22 17:17 dropjava
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall       504 Aug 22 17:07 dropjava.ouibak
-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall    762975 Aug 22 17:23 dsml2ldif
-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall    314923 Aug 22 17:23 dumpsga
-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 dumpsga0
-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall   2253608 Aug 22 17:20 e2eme
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall         0 May 19  2004 e2eme0
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall       153 Jun 13  2005 echodo
-rwx------. 1 oracle oinstall     67275 Aug 22 17:20 emagent
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall         0 May 19  2004 emagent0
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      3766 Aug 22 17:23 emagentdeploy.pl
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall     19227 Nov 19  2006 EMAgent.pm
-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall     80358 Aug 22 17:20 emagtm
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall     80279 Feb 29  2008 emagtm0
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      1714 Aug 22 17:23 emca
-rwxr--r--. 1 oracle oinstall     12407 Aug 22 17:23 emctl
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall     30831 Aug 22 17:23 EmctlCommon.pm
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall     28704 Aug 22 17:14 EmctlCommon.pm.ouibak
-rwxr--r--. 1 oracle oinstall     12086 Aug 22 17:14 emctl.ouibak
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall     899