linux安装jdk

在linux上安装jdk已经做过很多次了,这是抽时间简单记一下。

首先要下载好jdk安装包,版本要和系统对应。

然后记得切换用户进行操作,稍微麻烦点的就是配置环境变量了。


我直接把操作的一些过程贴出来:


上传jdk安装包,记得不要用root用户,jdk安装到哪里随便,自己建个目录即可。
上传后要改安装包的执行权限,中间会切换root用户,但是改完要记得再切回你的用户。

[lsy@localhost ~]$ pwd
/home/lsy
[lsy@localhost ~]$ 
[lsy@localhost ~]$ 
[lsy@localhost ~]$ ls
Desktop  Documents  Downloads  Music  Pictures  Public  Templates  Videos
[lsy@localhost ~]$ 
[lsy@localhost ~]$ 
[lsy@localhost ~]$ 
[lsy@localhost ~]$ mkdir jdk
[lsy@localhost ~]$ 
[lsy@localhost ~]$ 
[lsy@localhost ~]$ ls
Desktop  Documents  Downloads  jdk  Music  Pictures  Public  Templates  Videos
[lsy@localhost ~]$ 
[lsy@localhost ~]$ 
[lsy@localhost ~]$ 
[lsy@localhost ~]$ 
[lsy@localhost ~]$ ls Documents
jdk-6u45-linux-x64.bin
[lsy@localhost ~]$ 
[lsy@localhost ~]$ 
[lsy@localhost Documents]$ su - root
Password: 
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost Documents]# ls -l
total 70400
-rw-rw-r--. 1 lsy lsy 72087592 Mar  2 18:43 jdk-6u45-linux-x64.bin
[root@localhost Documents]# 
[root@localhost Documents]# chmod 775 jdk-6u45-linux-x64.bin
[root@localhost Documents]# 
[root@localhost Documents]# 
[root@localhost Documents]# ls -l
total 70400
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 lsy lsy 72087592 Mar  2 18:43 jdk-6u45-linux-x64.bin
[root@localhost Documents]# 
[root@localhost Documents]# 
[root@localhost Documents]# su - lsy
[lsy@localhost ~]$ 
[lsy@localhost ~]$ 
[lsy@localhost ~]$ 
[lsy@localhost ~]$ 
[lsy@localhost ~]$ 
[lsy@localhost ~]$ 
[lsy@localhost ~]$ ls
Desktop  Documents  Downloads  jdk  Music  Pictures  Public  Templates  Videos
[lsy@localhost ~]$ cd Documents
[lsy@localhost Documents]$ ls -l
total 70400
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 lsy lsy 72087592 Mar  2 18:43 jdk-6u45-linux-x64.bin
[lsy@localhost Documents]$ 
[lsy@localhost Documents]$ 
[lsy@localhost Documents]$ 
[lsy@localhost Documents]$ java -verrsion
-bash: java: command not found
[lsy@localhost Documents]$ 
[lsy@localhost Documents]$ 
[lsy@localhost Documents]$ 
[lsy@localhost Documents]$ mv jdk-6u45-linux-x64.bin /home/lsy/jdk
[lsy@localhost Documents]$ 
[lsy@localhost Documents]$ 
[lsy@localhost Documents]$ ls
[lsy@localhost Documents]$ 
[lsy@localhost Documents]$ cd /home/lsy/jdk
[lsy@localhost jdk]$ ls
jdk-6u45-linux-x64.bin
[lsy@localhost jdk]$ ls -l
total 70400
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 lsy lsy 72087592 Mar  2 18:43 jdk-6u45-linux-x64.bin
[lsy@localhost jdk]$ 
[lsy@localhost jdk]$ ./jdk-6u45-linux-x64.bin



中间打印好多,截取最后几行:
 extracting: jdk1.6.0_45/LICENSE     
  inflating: jdk1.6.0_45/THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME.txt  
  inflating: jdk1.6.0_45/src.zip     
  inflating: jdk1.6.0_45/README.html  
   creating: jdk1.6.0_45/include/
  inflating: jdk1.6.0_45/include/jni.h  
   creating: jdk1.6.0_45/include/linux/
  inflating: jdk1.6.0_45/include/linux/jawt_md.h  
  inflating: jdk1.6.0_45/include/linux/jni_md.h  
  inflating: jdk1.6.0_45/include/jvmti.h  
  inflating: jdk1.6.0_45/include/jawt.h  
  inflating: jdk1.6.0_45/include/jdwpTransport.h  
  inflating: jdk1.6.0_45/include/classfile_constants.h  
  inflating: jdk1.6.0_45/COPYRIGHT   
Creating jdk1.6.0_45/jre/lib/rt.jar
Creating jdk1.6.0_45/jre/lib/jsse.jar
Creating jdk1.6.0_45/jre/lib/charsets.jar
Creating jdk1.6.0_45/lib/tools.jar
Creating jdk1.6.0_45/jre/lib/ext/localedata.jar
Creating jdk1.6.0_45/jre/lib/plugin.jar
Creating jdk1.6.0_45/jre/lib/javaws.jar
Creating jdk1.6.0_45/jre/lib/deploy.jar
 
Done.
[lsy@localhost jdk]$ 





[lsy@localhost jdk]$ 
[lsy@localhost jdk]$ pwd
/home/lsy/jdk
[lsy@localhost jdk]$ 
[lsy@localhost jdk]$ 
[lsy@localhost jdk]$ 
[lsy@localhost jdk]$ ls
jdk1.6.0_45  jdk-6u45-linux-x64.bin
[lsy@localhost jdk]$ 
[lsy@localhost jdk]$ 
[lsy@localhost jdk]$ 
[lsy@localhost jdk]$ 

出现了jdk1.6.0_45


[lsy@localhost jdk]$ 
[lsy@localhost jdk]$ cd jdk1.6.0_45
[lsy@localhost jdk1.6.0_45]$ ls
bin  COPYRIGHT  db  include  jre  lib  LICENSE  man  README.html  src.zip  THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME.txt
[lsy@localhost jdk1.6.0_45]$ 
[lsy@localhost jdk1.6.0_45]$ pwd
/home/lsy/jdk/jdk1.6.0_45
[lsy@localhost jdk1.6.0_45]$ 
[lsy@localhost jdk1.6.0_45]$ java -version
-bash: java: command not found
[lsy@localhost jdk1.6.0_45]$ 



需要配置环境变量。
安装成功后就要配置环境变量,简答说就是要修改/etc/profile文件,改完后source一下。
这个profile属于root,所以要用root修改权限,一般考虑安全,我们都是修改成775,即
root组中的用户可以编辑和执行,所以你的用户不在root组,还要把用户加进root组中。



[lsy@localhost etc]$ pwd
/etc
[lsy@localhost etc]$ 
[lsy@localhost etc]$ vi profile


这里先不编辑,先退出,环境变量的编辑,我们最好指定具体内容,不用累加的方式,因为,
你如果第一次没配置成功,在第2次的时候就有累积了一次。(累计就是用冒号:)
所以先用export查看环境变量,再把jdk环境变量加入。

[lsy@localhost etc]$ 
[lsy@localhost etc]$ export
declare -x G_BROKEN_FILENAMES="1"
declare -x HISTCONTROL="ignoredups"
declare -x HISTSIZE="1000"
declare -x HOME="/home/lsy"
declare -x HOSTNAME="localhost.localdomain"
declare -x LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
declare -x LESSOPEN="|/usr/bin/lesspipe.sh %s"
declare -x LOGNAME="lsy"
declare -x LS_COLORS="rs=0:di=01;34:ln=01;36:mh=00:pi=40;33:so=01;35:do=01;35:bd=40;33;01:cd=40;33;01:or=40;31;01:mi=01;05;37;41:su=37;41:sg=30;43:ca=30;41:tw=30;42:ow=34;42:st=37;44:ex=01;32:*.tar=01;31:*.tgz=01;31:*.arj=01;31:*.taz=01;31:*.lzh=01;31:*.lzma=01;31:*.tlz=01;31:*.txz=01;31:*.zip=01;31:*.z=01;31:*.Z=01;31:*.dz=01;31:*.gz=01;31:*.lz=01;31:*.xz=01;31:*.bz2=01;31:*.tbz=01;31:*.tbz2=01;31:*.bz=01;31:*.tz=01;31:*.deb=01;31:*.rpm=01;31:*.jar=01;31:*.rar=01;31:*.ace=01;31:*.zoo=01;31:*.cpio=01;31:*.7z=01;31:*.rz=01;31:*.jpg=01;35:*.jpeg=01;35:*.gif=01;35:*.bmp=01;35:*.pbm=01;35:*.pgm=01;35:*.ppm=01;35:*.tga=01;35:*.xbm=01;35:*.xpm=01;35:*.tif=01;35:*.tiff=01;35:*.png=01;35:*.svg=01;35:*.svgz=01;35:*.mng=01;35:*.pcx=01;35:*.mov=01;35:*.mpg=01;35:*.mpeg=01;35:*.m2v=01;35:*.mkv=01;35:*.ogm=01;35:*.mp4=01;35:*.m4v=01;35:*.mp4v=01;35:*.vob=01;35:*.qt=01;35:*.nuv=01;35:*.wmv=01;35:*.asf=01;35:*.rm=01;35:*.rmvb=01;35:*.flc=01;35:*.avi=01;35:*.fli=01;35:*.flv=01;35:*.gl=01;35:*.dl=01;35:*.xcf=01;35:*.xwd=01;35:*.yuv=01;35:*.cgm=01;35:*.emf=01;35:*.axv=01;35:*.anx=01;35:*.ogv=01;35:*.ogx=01;35:*.aac=01;36:*.au=01;36:*.flac=01;36:*.mid=01;36:*.midi=01;36:*.mka=01;36:*.mp3=01;36:*.mpc=01;36:*.ogg=01;36:*.ra=01;36:*.wav=01;36:*.axa=01;36:*.oga=01;36:*.spx=01;36:*.xspf=01;36:"
declare -x MAIL="/var/spool/mail/lsy"
declare -x OLDPWD="/home/lsy/jdk/jdk1.6.0_45"
declare -x PATH="/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/home/lsy/bin"
declare -x PWD="/etc"
declare -x SHELL="/bin/bash"
declare -x SHLVL="1"
declare -x SSH_ASKPASS="/usr/libexec/openssh/gnome-ssh-askpass"
declare -x TERM="vt100"
declare -x USER="lsy"
[lsy@localhost etc]$ 


我们要添加
export JAVA_HOME=/home/lsy/jdk/jdk1.6.0_45

export JAVA_BIN=$JAVA_HOME/bin

export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin

export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/rt.jar

export JAVA_HOME JAVA_BIN PATH CLASSPATH


注意path和classpath就是累加的方式,如果多次执行就会出现重复。
所以这里我们就把具体的值写到上面去。改成如下:



export JAVA_HOME=/home/lsy/jdk/jdk1.6.0_45

export JAVA_BIN=$JAVA_HOME/bin

export PATH=/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/home/lsy/bin:$JAVA_HOME/bin

export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/rt.jar

export JAVA_HOME JAVA_BIN PATH CLASSPATH



修改profile需要root权限,原始内容如下
[lsy@localhost etc]$ 
[lsy@localhost etc]$ 
[lsy@localhost etc]$ ls -l profile
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1793 Mar 23  2012 profile
[lsy@localhost etc]$ 
[lsy@localhost etc]$ 
[lsy@localhost etc]$ 
[lsy@localhost etc]$ cat profile
# /etc/profile

# System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup
# Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc

# It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you
# are doing. It's much better to create a custom.sh shell script in
# /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this
# will prevent the need for merging in future updates.

pathmunge () {
    case ":${PATH}:" in
        *:"$1":*)
            ;;
        *)
            if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then
                PATH=$PATH:$1
            else
                PATH=$1:$PATH
            fi
    esac
}


if [ -x /usr/bin/id ]; then
    if [ -z "$EUID" ]; then
        # ksh workaround
        EUID=`id -u`
        UID=`id -ru`
    fi
    USER="`id -un`"
    LOGNAME=$USER
    MAIL="/var/spool/mail/$USER"
fi

# Path manipulation
if [ "$EUID" = "0" ]; then
    pathmunge /sbin
    pathmunge /usr/sbin
    pathmunge /usr/local/sbin
else
    pathmunge /usr/local/sbin after
    pathmunge /usr/sbin after
    pathmunge /sbin after
fi

HOSTNAME=`/bin/hostname 2>/dev/null`
HISTSIZE=1000
if [ "$HISTCONTROL" = "ignorespace" ] ; then
    export HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth
else
    export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups
fi

export PATH USER LOGNAME MAIL HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTCONTROL

# By default, we want umask to get set. This sets it for login shell
# Current threshold for system reserved uid/gids is 200
# You could check uidgid reservation validity in
# /usr/share/doc/setup-*/uidgid file
if [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`id -gn`" = "`id -un`" ]; then
    umask 002
else
    umask 022
fi

for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; do
    if [ -r "$i" ]; then
        if [ "${-#*i}" != "$-" ]; then
            . "$i"
        else
            . "$i" >/dev/null 2>&1
        fi
    fi
done

unset i
unset pathmunge
[lsy@localhost etc]$ 
[lsy@localhost etc]$ 
[root@localhost etc]# pwd
/etc
[root@localhost etc]# 
[root@localhost etc]# 
[root@localhost etc]# ls -l profile
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1793 Mar 23  2012 profile
[root@localhost etc]# 
[root@localhost etc]# 
[root@localhost etc]# chmod 775 profile
[root@localhost etc]# ls -l profile
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 root root 1793 Mar 23  2012 profile
[root@localhost etc]# 
[root@localhost etc]# 


l profile
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 root root 1793 Mar 23  2012 profile
[lsy@localhost etc]$ 
[lsy@localhost etc]$ 
[lsy@localhost etc]$ 



为了保证安全,root对对文件的权限最多到775,就是该组的用户可以修改和执行,我们用的用户如果不在root用户的组中,那么就把这个用户添加
到root所在的组中,查看文件可以发现root的组也是叫root。用命令吧lsy添加进组root。
usermod -G root lsy  加入root组
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# usermod -G root lsy
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# 



文摘:

将一个用户添加到用户组中,千万不能直接用:
usermod -G groupA

这样做会使你离开其他用户组,仅仅做为 这个用户组 groupA 的成员。
应该用 加上 -a 选项:
usermod -a -G groupA user

(FC4: usermod -G groupA,groupB,groupC user)
-a 代表 append, 也就是 将自己添加到 用户组groupA 中,而不必离开 其他用户组。





[lsy@localhost etc]$ 
[lsy@localhost etc]$ 
[lsy@localhost etc]$ source /etc/profile
[lsy@localhost etc]$ 
[lsy@localhost etc]$ 
[lsy@localhost etc]$ 
[lsy@localhost etc]$ java -version
java version "1.6.0_45"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0_45-b06)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 20.45-b01, mixed mode)
[lsy@localhost etc]$ 
[lsy@localhost etc]$ 


这时jdk就安装成功了。


把profile贴出来




[lsy@localhost etc]$ 
[lsy@localhost etc]$ cat /etc/profile
# /etc/profile

# System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup
# Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc

# It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you
# are doing. It's much better to create a custom.sh shell script in
# /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this
# will prevent the need for merging in future updates.

pathmunge () {
    case ":${PATH}:" in
        *:"$1":*)
            ;;
        *)
            if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then
                PATH=$PATH:$1
            else
                PATH=$1:$PATH
            fi
    esac
}


if [ -x /usr/bin/id ]; then
    if [ -z "$EUID" ]; then
        # ksh workaround
        EUID=`id -u`
        UID=`id -ru`
    fi
    USER="`id -un`"
    LOGNAME=$USER
    MAIL="/var/spool/mail/$USER"
fi

# Path manipulation
if [ "$EUID" = "0" ]; then
    pathmunge /sbin
    pathmunge /usr/sbin
    pathmunge /usr/local/sbin
else
    pathmunge /usr/local/sbin after
    pathmunge /usr/sbin after
    pathmunge /sbin after
fi

HOSTNAME=`/bin/hostname 2>/dev/null`
HISTSIZE=1000
if [ "$HISTCONTROL" = "ignorespace" ] ; then
    export HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth
else
    export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups
fi

export PATH USER LOGNAME MAIL HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTCONTROL


export JAVA_HOME=/home/lsy/jdk/jdk1.6.0_45

export JAVA_BIN=$JAVA_HOME/bin

export PATH=/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/home/lsy/bin:$JAVA_HOME/bin

export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/rt.jar

export JAVA_HOME JAVA_BIN PATH CLASSPATH


# By default, we want umask to get set. This sets it for login shell
# Current threshold for system reserved uid/gids is 200
# You could check uidgid reservation validity in
# /usr/share/doc/setup-*/uidgid file
if [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`id -gn`" = "`id -un`" ]; then
    umask 002
else
    umask 022
fi

for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; do
    if [ -r "$i" ]; then
        if [ "${-#*i}" != "$-" ]; then
            . "$i"
        else
            . "$i" >/dev/null 2>&1
        fi
    fi
done

unset i
unset pathmunge
[lsy@localhost etc]$ 
[lsy@localhost etc]$ 
[lsy@localhost etc]$ 
[lsy@localhost etc]$ 



把环境变量贴出来

[lsy@localhost etc]$ 
[lsy@localhost etc]$ 
[lsy@localhost etc]$ export
declare -x CLASSPATH=".:/home/lsy/jdk/jdk1.6.0_45/lib/dt.jar:/home/lsy/jdk/jdk1.6.0_45/lib/tools.jar:/home/lsy/jdk/jdk1.6.0_45/jre/lib/rt.jar"
declare -x G_BROKEN_FILENAMES="1"
declare -x HISTCONTROL="ignoredups"
declare -x HISTSIZE="1000"
declare -x HOME="/home/lsy"
declare -x HOSTNAME="localhost.localdomain"
declare -x JAVA_BIN="/home/lsy/jdk/jdk1.6.0_45/bin"
declare -x JAVA_HOME="/home/lsy/jdk/jdk1.6.0_45"
declare -x LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
declare -x LESSOPEN="|/usr/bin/lesspipe.sh %s"
declare -x LOGNAME="lsy"
declare -x LS_COLORS="rs=0:di=01;34:ln=01;36:mh=00:pi=40;33:so=01;35:do=01;35:bd=40;33;01:cd=40;33;01:or=40;31;01:mi=01;05;37;41:su=37;41:sg=30;43:ca=30;41:tw=30;42:ow=34;42:st=37;44:ex=01;32:*.tar=01;31:*.tgz=01;31:*.arj=01;31:*.taz=01;31:*.lzh=01;31:*.lzma=01;31:*.tlz=01;31:*.txz=01;31:*.zip=01;31:*.z=01;31:*.Z=01;31:*.dz=01;31:*.gz=01;31:*.lz=01;31:*.xz=01;31:*.bz2=01;31:*.tbz=01;31:*.tbz2=01;31:*.bz=01;31:*.tz=01;31:*.deb=01;31:*.rpm=01;31:*.jar=01;31:*.rar=01;31:*.ace=01;31:*.zoo=01;31:*.cpio=01;31:*.7z=01;31:*.rz=01;31:*.jpg=01;35:*.jpeg=01;35:*.gif=01;35:*.bmp=01;35:*.pbm=01;35:*.pgm=01;35:*.ppm=01;35:*.tga=01;35:*.xbm=01;35:*.xpm=01;35:*.tif=01;35:*.tiff=01;35:*.png=01;35:*.svg=01;35:*.svgz=01;35:*.mng=01;35:*.pcx=01;35:*.mov=01;35:*.mpg=01;35:*.mpeg=01;35:*.m2v=01;35:*.mkv=01;35:*.ogm=01;35:*.mp4=01;35:*.m4v=01;35:*.mp4v=01;35:*.vob=01;35:*.qt=01;35:*.nuv=01;35:*.wmv=01;35:*.asf=01;35:*.rm=01;35:*.rmvb=01;35:*.flc=01;35:*.avi=01;35:*.fli=01;35:*.flv=01;35:*.gl=01;35:*.dl=01;35:*.xcf=01;35:*.xwd=01;35:*.yuv=01;35:*.cgm=01;35:*.emf=01;35:*.axv=01;35:*.anx=01;35:*.ogv=01;35:*.ogx=01;35:*.aac=01;36:*.au=01;36:*.flac=01;36:*.mid=01;36:*.midi=01;36:*.mka=01;36:*.mp3=01;36:*.mpc=01;36:*.ogg=01;36:*.ra=01;36:*.wav=01;36:*.axa=01;36:*.oga=01;36:*.spx=01;36:*.xspf=01;36:"
declare -x MAIL="/var/spool/mail/lsy"
declare -x OLDPWD="/home/lsy"
declare -x PATH="/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/home/lsy/bin:/home/lsy/jdk/jdk1.6.0_45/bin"
declare -x PWD="/etc"
declare -x SHELL="/bin/bash"
declare -x SHLVL="1"
declare -x SSH_ASKPASS="/usr/libexec/openssh/gnome-ssh-askpass"
declare -x TERM="vt100"
declare -x USER="lsy"
[lsy@localhost etc]$ 
[lsy@localhost etc]$ 
[lsy@localhost etc]$ 










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