5.3 if语句
5.3.1 简单的if语句
最简单的if语句只有一个测试和一个操作:
if conditional_test:
do something
假设有一个表示某人年龄的变量,而你想知道这个人是否够投票的年龄
age = 19
if age >= 18:
print("You are old enough to vote!")
5.3.2 if-else 语句
age = 19
if age >= 18:
print("You are old enough to vote!")
else:
print("Sorry, you are too young to vote.")
print("Please register to vote as soon as you turn 18!")
5.3.3 if—elif—else结构
经常需要检查超过两个的情形
age = 12
if age < 4:
print("Your admission cost is $0.")
elif age< 18:
print("Your admission cost is $5.")
else:
print("Your admission cost is $10.")
#为了让代码更简洁
age = 12
if age < 4 :
price = 0
elif age < 18:
price =5
else:
price = 10
print("You admission cost is $" + str(price) + ".") #返回对象的一个string格式
5.3.4 使用多个elif代码块
age = 12
if age < 4:
price = 0
elif age < 18:
price = 5
elif age < 65:
price = 10
else:
price = 5
print("Your admission cost is $" + str(price) + ".")
5.3.5 省略else代码块
Python并不要求if-elif结构后面必须有else代码块,
age = 12
if age < 4:
price = 0
elif age < 18:
price = 5
elif age < 65:
price = 10
elif:
price = 5
print("Your admission cost is $" + str(price) + ".")
5.3.6 测试多个条件
然而,有时候必须检查你关心的所有条件。在这种情况下,应使用一系列不包含elif和else代码块的简单if语句。在可能有多个条件为True,且你需要在每个条件为True时都采取相应措施时,适合使用这种方法。
总之,如果你只想执行一个代码块,就使用if-elif-else结构;如果要运行多个代码块,就使用一系列独立的if语句。