IO多路复用之epoll

 #include <sys/epoll.h>

 int epoll_ctl(int epfd, int op, int fd, struct epoll_event *event); 

epoll事件注册函数，

第一个参数epfd: 是函数返回值，

第二个参数op: 表示动作,用三个宏来表示：即

①，EPOLL_CTL_ADD；注册新的事件到epfd中

②，EPOLL_CTL_MOD；修改已经注册的fd的监听事件

③，EPOLL_CTL_DEL。从epfd中删除fd的事件

第三个参数fd: 要监听事件的fd

第三个参数epoll_event: ，结构：

 struct epoll_event {
        uint32_t     events;      /* Epoll events */
        epoll_data_t data;        /* User data variable */
 };

events可以是：

       EPOLLIN：对应的描述符可以读，
       EPOLLOUT：对应的描述符可以写
       EPOLLRDHUP (since Linux 2.6.17)，socket流连接断开，边缘触发，对端连接断开触发，2,6,16之前对端正常关闭：EPOLLIN
       EPOLLPRI：紧急？数据可读
       EPOLLERR：描述符发生错误
       EPOLLHUP：描述符挂起
       EPOLLET：设置为边缘触发还是水平触发，默认水平触发
       EPOLLONESHOT (since Linux 2.6.2)

DESCRIPTION
       This system call performs control operations on the epoll instance referred to by the file descriptor epfd.  It requests that the operation op be performed for the target file descriptor, fd.

       Valid values for the op argument are :
        EPOLL_CTL_ADD
              Register the target file descriptor fd on the epoll instance referred to by the file descriptor epfd and associate the event event with the internal file linked to fd.
        EPOLL_CTL_MOD
              Change the event event associated with the target file descriptor fd.
       EPOLL_CTL_DEL
              Remove (deregister) the target file descriptor fd from the epoll instance referred to by epfd.  The event is ignored and can be NULL (but see BUGS below)

       The event argument describes the object linked to the file descriptor fd.  The struct epoll_event is defined as :
           typedef union epoll_data {
               void        *ptr;
               int          fd;
               uint32_t     u32;
               uint64_t     u64;
           } epoll_data_t;


           struct epoll_event {
               uint32_t     events;      /* Epoll events */
               epoll_data_t data;        /* User data variable */
           };


       The events member is a bit set composed using the following available event types:
       EPOLLIN
              The associated file is available for read(2) operations.
       EPOLLOUT
              The associated file is available for write(2) operations.
       EPOLLRDHUP (since Linux 2.6.17)
              Stream socket peer closed connection, or shut down writing half of connection.  (This flag is especially useful for writing simple code to detect peer shutdown when using Edge Triggered monitoring.)
        EPOLLPRI
              There is urgent data available for read(2) operations.
       EPOLLERR
              Error condition happened on the associated file descriptor.  epoll_wait(2) will always wait for this event; it is not necessary to set it in events.
        EPOLLHUP
              Hang up happened on the associated file descriptor.  epoll_wait(2) will always wait for this event; it is not necessary to set it in events.
       EPOLLET
              Sets  the  Edge  Triggered behavior for the associated file descriptor.  The default behavior for epoll is Level Triggered.  See epoll(7) for more detailed information about Edge and Level Triggered event distribution
              architectures.
       EPOLLONESHOT (since Linux 2.6.2)
              Sets the one-shot behavior for the associated file descriptor.  This means that after an event is pulled out with epoll_wait(2) the associated file descriptor is  internally  disabled  and  no  other  events  will  be
              reported by the epoll interface.  The user must call epoll_ctl() with EPOLL_CTL_MOD to rearm the file descriptor with a new event mask.
RETURN VALUE
       When successful, epoll_ctl() returns zero.  When an error occurs, epoll_ctl() returns -1 and errno is set appropriately.\
ERRORS
       EBADF  epfd or fd is not a valid file descriptor.\
       EEXIST op was EPOLL_CTL_ADD, and the supplied file descriptor fd is already registered with this epoll instance.

       EINVAL epfd is not an epoll file descriptor, or fd is the same as epfd, or the requested operation op is not supported by this interface.

  ENOENT op was EPOLL_CTL_MOD or EPOLL_CTL_DEL, and fd is not registered with this epoll instance.
       ENOMEM There was insufficient memory to handle the requested op control operation.
       ENOSPC The limit imposed by /proc/sys/fs/epoll/max_user_watches was encountered while trying to register (EPOLL_CTL_ADD) a new file descriptor on an epoll instance.  See epoll(7) for further details.
       EPERM  The target file fd does not support epoll.
VERSIONS
       epoll_ctl() was added to the kernel in version 2.6.
CONFORMING TO
       epoll_ctl() is Linux-specific.  Library support is provided in glibc starting with version 2.3.2.
NOTES
       The epoll interface supports all file descriptors that support poll(2).
BUGS
       In  kernel versions before 2.6.9, the EPOLL_CTL_DEL operation required a non-NULL pointer in event, even though this argument is ignored.  Since Linux 2.6.9, event can be specified as NULL when using EPOLL_CTL_DEL.  Applica鈥[m
       tions that need to be portable to kernels before 2.6.9 should specify a non-NULL pointer in event.
SEE ALSO
       epoll_create(2), epoll_wait(2), poll(2), epoll(7)
COLOPHON
       This page is part of release 3.35 of the Linux man-pages project.  A description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can be found at http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/.