ThreadPoolExecutor的clt：runState&workCount

ctl:

 ThreadPoolExecutor用一个AtomicInteger来存储线程池工作状态和工作线程数量。ctl二进制的高三位用来保存线程池工作状态，其余用来保存工作线程数量。

private final AtomicInteger ctl = new AtomicInteger(ctlOf(RUNNING, 0)); // 初始值：状态RUNNINT，工作线程数量：0
private static final int COUNT_BITS = Integer.SIZE - 3; // Integer.SIZE=29
private static final int CAPACITY   = (1 << COUNT_BITS) - 1; // 2^29-1

// runState 用32位整形的高三位表示
private static final int RUNNING    = -1 << COUNT_BITS;
private static final int SHUTDOWN   =  0 << COUNT_BITS;
private static final int STOP       =  1 << COUNT_BITS;
private static final int TIDYING    =  2 << COUNT_BITS;
private static final int TERMINATED =  3 << COUNT_BITS;

// Packing and unpacking ctl
private static int runStateOf(int c)     { return c & ~CAPACITY; } // 根据ctl计算runState
private static int workerCountOf(int c)  { return c & CAPACITY; } // 根据ctl计算workerCount
private static int ctlOf(int rs, int wc) { return rs | wc; } // 根据runState和workerCount计算clt值

状态转换:

 1.RUNNING->SHUTDOWN：调用了shutdown()方法

 2.（RUNNING or SHUTDOWN）->STOP：调用了shutdownNow()方法

 3.SHUTDOWN->TIDYING：当队列中任务都被取出执行完成，并且所有工作线程都结束了任务，再没有未被执行的任务

 4.STOP->TIDYING：线程池中没有正在运行的线程。（任务队列中任务都被取消了）

 5.TIDYING->TERMINATED：钩子方法terminated()执行完毕后