引言:Http协议是在应用层解析内容的,具体得传输还是使用的Socket
1.NioSocket
从jdk1.4开始,java增加了新的nio(new IO)模式,nio在底层采用了新的处理方式,极大的提高了IO的效率我们使用的socket也属于IO的一种,nio提供了相应的工具,ServerSocketChannel和SocketChannel,分别对应原来的ServerSocket和Socket。
要理解NioSocket的使用必须理解三个概念,Buffer、Channel、Selector,类似是快递业务,Buffer就是所要送的货物,Channel就是送货员,Selector就是中转站的分拣员。
NioSocket使用中首先需要创建ServerSocketChannel,然后注册Selector,接下来就可以使用 Selector接收请求并处理了。SelectionKey保存了处理当前请求的Channel和Selector,并且提供不同的操作类型,SelectionKey中定义的操作有SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT,SelectionKey.OP_READ,SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT,SelectionKey.OP_WRITE。
NioSocket中服务端的处理过程分为5步:
1)创建ServerSocketChannel并设置相应的参数。
2)创建Selector并注册到ServerSocketChannel上
3)调用Selector的select方法等待请求。
4)Selector接收请求后,使用selectKeys返回SelectionKey集合
5)使用SelectionKey获取到Channel和Seletor和操作类型并进行具体操作
示例代码如下:
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.Iterator;
public class HttpServer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 创建serversocketchannel
ServerSocketChannel ssc = ServerSocketChannel.open();
// 监听8080端口
ssc.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(8080));
// 设置为非阻塞模式
ssc.configureBlocking(false);
// 向ssc注册选择器
Selector selector = Selector.open();
ssc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
// 创建处理器
while (true) {
// 等待请求,每次等待阻塞3s,超过3s后线程继续向下执行
if (selector.select(3000) == 0) {
continue;
} else {
Iterator<SelectionKey> keyIter = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
while (keyIter.hasNext()) {
SelectionKey key = keyIter.next();
// 启动新线程处理SelectionKey
new Thread(new HttpHandler(key)).run();
// 处理完成后,从待处理的SelectionKey迭代器中移除当前使用的key
keyIter.remove();
}
}
}
}
private static class HttpHandler implements Runnable {
private int bufferSize = 1024;
private String localCharset = "UTF-8";
private SelectionKey key;
public HttpHandler(SelectionKey key) {
this.key = key;
}
public void handleAccept() throws Exception {
SocketChannel clientChannel = ((ServerSocketChannel) key.channel()).accept();
clientChannel.configureBlocking(false);
clientChannel.register(key.selector(), SelectionKey.OP_READ, ByteBuffer.allocate(bufferSize));
}
public void handleRead() throws Exception {
// 获取channel
SocketChannel sc = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
// 获取buffer并充值
ByteBuffer buffer = (ByteBuffer) key.attachment();
buffer.clear();
// 没有读到内容则关闭
if (sc.read(buffer) == -1) {
sc.close();
} else {
// 接收请求数据
buffer.flip();
String receivedString = Charset.forName(localCharset).newDecoder().decode(buffer).toString();
String[] requestMessage = receivedString.split("\r\n");
for(String msg:requestMessage){
System.out.println(msg);
//如果遇到空说明报文头已经打印完
if(msg.isEmpty()){
break;
}
}
StringBuilder sendString = new StringBuilder();
//响应报文首行
sendString.append("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n");
sendString.append("Content-Type:text/html;charset="+localCharset + "\r\n");
sendString.append("\r\n");
sendString.append("接收的报文到的请求报文是:");
for(String msg:requestMessage){
sendString.append(msg+"");
}
sendString.append("");
buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(sendString.toString().getBytes(localCharset));
sc.write(buffer);
sc.close();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
//接收并连接到请求时
if(key.isAcceptable()){
handleAccept();
}
//读数据时
if(key.isReadable()){
handleRead();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
}
}
}
}