39. Pandas处理Excel复杂多列到多行转换

Pandas处理Excel - 复杂多列到多行转换

用户需求图片

分析：

1. 一行变多行，可以用explode实现；
2. 要使用explode，需要先将多列变成一列；
3. 注意有的列为空，需要做空值过滤；

1. 读取数据

import pandas as pd

file_path = "./course_datas/c39_explode_to_manyrows/读者提供的数据-输入.xlsx"
df = pd.read_excel(file_path)

df

	P/N	Description	Supplier	Supplier PN	Supplier.1	Supplier PN.1	Supplier.2	Supplier PN.2
0	302-462-326	CAP CER 0402 100pF 5% 50V	MURATA	GRM1555C1H101JA01D	YAGEO	CC0402JRNPO9BN101	GRM1555C1H101JA01J	Murata Electronics North America
1	302-462-012	CAP CER 0402 6.8pF 0.25pF 50V	AVX Corporation	04025A6R8CAT2A	KEMET	C0402C689C5GACTU	NaN	NaN
2	302-462-009	CAP CER 0402 3.9pF 0.25pF 50V	AVX Corporation	04025A3R9CAT2A	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN

2. 把多列合并到一列

# 提取待合并的所有列名，一会可以把它们drop掉
merge_names = list(df.loc[:, "Supplier":].columns.values)
merge_names

['Supplier',
 'Supplier PN',
 'Supplier.1',
 'Supplier PN.1',
 'Supplier.2',
 'Supplier PN.2']

def merge_cols(x):
    """
    x是一个行Series，把它们按分隔符合并
    """
    # 删除为空的列
    x = x[x.notna()]
    # 使用x.values用于合并
    y = x.values
    # 合并后的列表，每个元素是"Supplier" + "Supplier PN"对
    result = []
    # range的步长为2，目的是每两列做合并
    for idx in range(0, len(y), 2):
        # 使用竖线作为"Supplier" + "Supplier PN"之间的分隔符
        result.append(f"{y[idx]}|{y[idx+1]}")
    # 将所有两两对，用#分割，返回一个大字符串
    return "#".join(result)

# 添加新列，把待合并的所有列变成一个大字符串
df["merge"] = df.loc[:, "Supplier":].apply(merge_cols, axis=1)
df

	P/N	Description	Supplier	Supplier PN	Supplier.1	Supplier PN.1	Supplier.2	Supplier PN.2	merge
0	302-462-326	CAP CER 0402 100pF 5% 50V	MURATA	GRM1555C1H101JA01D	YAGEO	CC0402JRNPO9BN101	GRM1555C1H101JA01J	Murata Electronics North America	MURATA|GRM1555C1H101JA01D#YAGEO|CC0402JRNPO9BN...
1	302-462-012	CAP CER 0402 6.8pF 0.25pF 50V	AVX Corporation	04025A6R8CAT2A	KEMET	C0402C689C5GACTU	NaN	NaN	AVX Corporation|04025A6R8CAT2A#KEMET|C0402C689...
2	302-462-009	CAP CER 0402 3.9pF 0.25pF 50V	AVX Corporation	04025A3R9CAT2A	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	AVX Corporation|04025A3R9CAT2A

# 把不用的列删除掉
df.drop(merge_names, axis=1, inplace=True)
df

	P/N	Description	merge
0	302-462-326	CAP CER 0402 100pF 5% 50V	MURATA|GRM1555C1H101JA01D#YAGEO|CC0402JRNPO9BN...
1	302-462-012	CAP CER 0402 6.8pF 0.25pF 50V	AVX Corporation|04025A6R8CAT2A#KEMET|C0402C689...
2	302-462-009	CAP CER 0402 3.9pF 0.25pF 50V	AVX Corporation|04025A3R9CAT2A

3. 使用explode把一列变多行

# 先将merge列变成list的形式
df["merge"] = df["merge"].str.split("#")
df

	P/N	Description	merge
0	302-462-326	CAP CER 0402 100pF 5% 50V	[MURATA|GRM1555C1H101JA01D, YAGEO|CC0402JRNPO9...
1	302-462-012	CAP CER 0402 6.8pF 0.25pF 50V	[AVX Corporation|04025A6R8CAT2A, KEMET|C0402C6...
2	302-462-009	CAP CER 0402 3.9pF 0.25pF 50V	[AVX Corporation|04025A3R9CAT2A]

# 执行explode变成多行
df_explode = df.explode("merge")
df_explode

	P/N	Description	merge
0	302-462-326	CAP CER 0402 100pF 5% 50V	MURATA|GRM1555C1H101JA01D
0	302-462-326	CAP CER 0402 100pF 5% 50V	YAGEO|CC0402JRNPO9BN101
0	302-462-326	CAP CER 0402 100pF 5% 50V	GRM1555C1H101JA01J|Murata Electronics North Am...
1	302-462-012	CAP CER 0402 6.8pF 0.25pF 50V	AVX Corporation|04025A6R8CAT2A
1	302-462-012	CAP CER 0402 6.8pF 0.25pF 50V	KEMET|C0402C689C5GACTU
2	302-462-009	CAP CER 0402 3.9pF 0.25pF 50V	AVX Corporation|04025A3R9CAT2A

4. 将一列还原成结果的多列

# 分别从merge中提取两列
df_explode["Supplier"]=df_explode["merge"].str.split("|").str[0]
df_explode["Supplier PN"]=df_explode["merge"].str.split("|").str[1]
df_explode

	P/N	Description	merge	Supplier	Supplier PN
0	302-462-326	CAP CER 0402 100pF 5% 50V	MURATA|GRM1555C1H101JA01D	MURATA	GRM1555C1H101JA01D
0	302-462-326	CAP CER 0402 100pF 5% 50V	YAGEO|CC0402JRNPO9BN101	YAGEO	CC0402JRNPO9BN101
0	302-462-326	CAP CER 0402 100pF 5% 50V	GRM1555C1H101JA01J|Murata Electronics North Am...	GRM1555C1H101JA01J	Murata Electronics North America
1	302-462-012	CAP CER 0402 6.8pF 0.25pF 50V	AVX Corporation|04025A6R8CAT2A	AVX Corporation	04025A6R8CAT2A
1	302-462-012	CAP CER 0402 6.8pF 0.25pF 50V	KEMET|C0402C689C5GACTU	KEMET	C0402C689C5GACTU
2	302-462-009	CAP CER 0402 3.9pF 0.25pF 50V	AVX Corporation|04025A3R9CAT2A	AVX Corporation	04025A3R9CAT2A

# 把merge列删除掉，得到最终数据
df_explode.drop("merge", axis=1, inplace=True)
df_explode

	P/N	Description	Supplier	Supplier PN
0	302-462-326	CAP CER 0402 100pF 5% 50V	MURATA	GRM1555C1H101JA01D
0	302-462-326	CAP CER 0402 100pF 5% 50V	YAGEO	CC0402JRNPO9BN101
0	302-462-326	CAP CER 0402 100pF 5% 50V	GRM1555C1H101JA01J	Murata Electronics North America
1	302-462-012	CAP CER 0402 6.8pF 0.25pF 50V	AVX Corporation	04025A6R8CAT2A
1	302-462-012	CAP CER 0402 6.8pF 0.25pF 50V	KEMET	C0402C689C5GACTU
2	302-462-009	CAP CER 0402 3.9pF 0.25pF 50V	AVX Corporation	04025A3R9CAT2A

5. 输出到结果Excel

df_explode.to_excel("./course_datas/c39_explode_to_manyrows/读者提供的数据-输出.xlsx", index=False)