一个经典的值参数，引用参数和内存分配程序。

 #include<iostream>

  using  namespace std;

void addFirst(int & first,int & second);

void doubleFirst(int one,int two);

void squareFirst(int & ref,int val);

 

int main()

{

   int num=5;

 cout<<"Line 1:inside main :num="<<num<<endl;

addFirst(num,num);

cout<<"Line 3:inside main after addFirst:"<<"num="<<num<<endl;

 doubleFirst(num.num);

cout<<"Line 5:inside main after doubleFirst:"<<"num="<<num<<endl;

squareFirst(num,num);

cout<<"Line 7:inside main after squareFirst:"<<"num="<<num<<endl;

 

return 0;

 

}

 

void addFirst(int & first,int & second)

{

 

  cout<<"Line 8:inside addFirst :first="<<first<<",  second="<<second<<endl;

  first=first+2;

 cout<<"Line 10:inside addFirst :first="<<first<<",  second="<<second<<endl;

second=second*2;

cout<<"Line 12:inside addFirst :first="<<first<<",  second="<<second<<endl;

   

}

 

void doubleFirst(int one,int two)

{

    cout<<"Line 13:inside doubleFirst : one="<< one<<",  two="<<two<<endl;

    one=one*2;

   cout<<"Line 15:inside doubleFirst : one="<< one<<",  two="<<two<<endl;

   two=two*2;

  cout<<"Line 17:inside doubleFirst : one="<< one<<",  two="<<two<<endl;

    

}

 

 void squareFirst(int & ref,int val)

{

   cout<<"Line 18:inside squareFirst : ref="<< ref<<",  val="<<val<<endl;

    ref=ref*ref;

  cout<<"Line 20:inside squareFirst : ref="<< ref<<",  val="<<val<<endl;

val=val+2;

 

cout<<"Line 22:inside squareFirst : ref="<< ref<<",  val="<<val<<endl;

 

}

 

  运行后的结果：