缓冲流-BufferedXXXXStream

    BufferedOutputStream类将待写入的类存储到缓冲区（buf的保护字节数组字段）中，直到缓冲区满或刷新输出流。然后它将数据一次性写入底层输出流。 

    /**
     * The internal buffer where data is stored. 
     */
    protected byte buf[];

    BufferedInputStream类也有作为缓冲区的名为buf保护字节数组。当调用某个流的read方法时，它首先尝试从缓冲区获得请求的数据。只有当缓冲区没有数据时，流才会冲底层的源中读取。这时，它会尽可能多的从源中读取数据存入缓冲区。

    两个类均有两个构造方法

    /**
     * Creates a new buffered output stream to write data to the
     * specified underlying output stream.
     *
     * @param   out   the underlying output stream.
     */
    public BufferedOutputStream(OutputStream out)

    /**
     * Creates a new buffered output stream to write data to the 
     * specified underlying output stream with the specified buffer 
     * size. 
     *
     * @param   out    the underlying output stream.
     * @param   size   the buffer size.
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException if size <= 0.
     */
    public BufferedOutputStream(OutputStream out, int size) 

    /**
     * Creates a <code>BufferedInputStream</code>
     * and saves its  argument, the input stream
     * <code>in</code>, for later use. An internal
     * buffer array is created and  stored in <code>buf</code>.
     *
     * @param   in   the underlying input stream.
     */
    public BufferedInputStream(InputStream in) 

    /**
     * Creates a <code>BufferedInputStream</code>
     * with the specified buffer size,
     * and saves its  argument, the input stream
     * <code>in</code>, for later use.  An internal
     * buffer array of length  <code>size</code>
     * is created and stored in <code>buf</code>.
     *
     * @param   in     the underlying input stream.
     * @param   size   the buffer size.
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException if size <= 0.
     */
    public BufferedInputStream(InputStream in, int size) 

    第一个参数是底层流，可以读取或者向其写入未缓冲的数据。如果给出第二个参数，则会指定缓冲区中的字节数量。

   BufferedOutputStream类没有声明自己的新方法，只是覆盖了OutputStream类中的三个方法：

  public synchronized void write(int b) throws IOException;
  public synchronized void write(byte b[], int off, int len) throws IOException;
  public synchronized void flush() throws IOException

  调用这些方法，每次写入会把数据放在缓冲区，而不是直接放在底层的输出流。因此，在数据需要发送时刷新输出流是很重要的。

  BufferedInputStream类也没有声明新的方法，只是覆盖了InputStream类中的方法。

 public synchronized int read() throws IOException;
 public synchronized int read(byte b[], int off, int len) throws IOException;
 public synchronized long skip(long n) throws IOException ;
 public synchronized int available() throws IOException ;
 public synchronized void mark(int readlimit);
 public synchronized void reset() throws IOException;
 public boolean markSupported();
 public void close() throws IOException